Piano Guidance
Piano Guidance
Photo: gabyt.ph
It's because the G string and B string are a major third different from each other, and in the Equal Temperament tuning system, the Major Third is 14 cents sharp in comparison to the Just Intonation system, which is 100% accurate.
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Read More »A common problem that people run into when they’re playing their guitar is that sometimes, the B-string doesn’t sound that great even though it’s perfectly in tune. Explained in short, the reason why the B string always sounds out of tune is that we use the 12-tone Equal Temperament tuning system to tune the instrument, which is not 100% accurate in comparison to the way sounds occur in nature. In other words, the 12-Tone Equal Temperament tuning system is an imperfect way of tuning the guitar/piano in comparison to the way the correct notes actually sound. If we were to tune the guitar in such a way where the strings/frets were perfectly in tune with each other, it would make playing the instrument more difficult, because there would be way more frets on the guitar. By the way, there are always deals going on in the guitar and music world, so here are some of my favourite courses and gear that are on sale right now: In fact, people have created guitars where the strings are perfectly in tune with each other as well as the frets. And the guitar looks like a nightmare. Rather than having the guitar divided up into an equal number of frets laid out on the fretboard, the guitar looks like something you can see in the image below: The reason for this can be explained using the exploration of two different systems of tuning, the Equal Temperament tuning system, and Just Intonation. This is going to get a little complicated, but bear with me, I’m going to make sure that you understand by the end of this article because it took a long time for me to comprehend as well.
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Read More »As I just explained, when using Just Intonation’s measuring system, the 2:1 ratio for harmonic frequencies, is always communicating an Octave. And while this system is 100% right on the money, if we were to use this system to tune our instruments, it would be extremely difficult to play the instrument (I’ve written another guide on your guitar sounds out of tune). Check out the image if the guitar image above and thank the fact some European guy came up with the 12-Tone Equal Temperament system. In case you didn’t understand anything I just said above, let’s talk about it a little more. Intervals are based on the ratios in comparison to one another, for instance, an octave is the ratio of 2:1, using the frequency in Herts to explain them. For instance, the frequency of the octave is 2x the frequency of the lower note. So if you play the A string, but then play it an octave higher, the octave higher version of it is vibrating twice as fast and because the string is vibrating twice as fast, that means that it sounds much higher. Using the ratios between intervals in this way is also known as “Just Intonation.” Measuring the intervals in this way is the way that the intervals should actually be in order for them to be 100% correct. However, when we divide the octave tone into 12 different parts – semi-tones – then the ratios between the semi-tones end up being slightly imperfect. When using the Equal Temperament system of tuning, which we do in the Western World, in which the octave is divided by 12ths to create each note of the scale, every interval between each other is off by just a little bit and some more than others. For instance, a major fifth using the Just Intonation system is 2 cents flat from the Equal Temperament system, whereas Fourths are 2 cents sharp from the Equal Temperament, whereas Major Thirds, are 13 cents sharp.
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Read More »This is why if you tune the G and B strings by your ear, (which, if you do, you’re innately using the Just Intonation system), the B-string will either sound like it’s a bit flat, or the G will be a little bit sharp in comparison to the rest of the guitar that’s tuned using the Equal Temperament system. This is a phenomenon that can be exemplified using the Red Hot Chili Peppers song, “Scar Tissue,” and the YouTuber, Paul Davids, did a pretty good job of explaining this issue in this YouTube video. The riff oscillates between two different notes, in the beginning, an F on the 8th fret of the 5th string, and an A on the 10th fret of the 2nd string, however, if your guitar is perfectly in tune, and you try and play this riff, you’ll notice that it doesn’t sound that great, and it certainly won’t match the way the guitar player of the band, John Frusciante, played it on the record. It turns out that Mr. Frusciante actually had the B-string slightly detuned, which is something that other guitar players often do as well – Guitar Tricks has lessons on other guitar techniques if you’re interested. A guitar has strings that are typically divided into 22 different frets, which means every time you’re fretting the note, you’re shortening the distance that the string has to vibrate, and therefore, slowing down or speeding up the vibration, which creates a different pitch of the sound. When tuning the guitar using harmonics, we are tuning the instrument based on precise ratios. In other words, if you’re tuning the guitar into fourths, ie, E to A, A to D, D to G, and B to E using harmonics, in comparison to 3 frets up the string up to the 7th fret harmonic, then the one place where you’ll hear that it doesn’t sound right in comparison to equal temperament is from the G to the B. Explained in another way, using the “Just Intonation” and the “Equal Temperament” method will sound slightly different in certain keys than in others. There is a difference between G to B of 14%, also called 14 cents, which is the measurement we use to compare the two frequency ranges. When tuning the B string sharp or flat in standard tuning, you’re making the decision to either be tuning closer to a Just Intonation Vs Equal Temperament system. Just Intonation will be more suited to some keys than others, while Equal Temperament tuning will sound weird in different keys. In conclusion, the Equal Temperament method is a way for players to shift between keys without each key sounding kind of different in terms of the ratio difference between each note. It’s a compromise between the perfect tuning system and the imperfect tuning system.
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