Why is F# so popular?

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Why you should consider using F# for your next project

Although F# is great for specialist areas such as scientific or data analysis, it is also an excellent choice for enterprise development. Here are five good reasons why you should consider using F# for your next project.

Conciseness

F# is not cluttered up with coding “noise” such as curly brackets, semicolons and so on. You almost never have to specify the type of an object, thanks to a powerful type inference system. And, compared with C#, it generally takes fewer lines of code to solve the same problem. // one-liners [ 1 .. 100 ] |> List . sum |> printfn "sum=%d" // no curly braces, semicolons or parentheses let square x = x * x let sq = square 42 // simple types in one line type Person = { First : string ; Last : string } // complex types in a few lines type Employee = | Worker of Person | Manager of Employee list // type inference let jdoe = { First = "John" ; Last = "Doe" } let worker = Worker jdoe

Convenience

Many common programming tasks are much simpler in F#. This includes things like creating and using complex type definitions, doing list processing, comparison and equality, state machines, and much more. And because functions are first class objects, it is very easy to create powerful and reusable code by creating functions that have other functions as parameters, or that combine existing functions to create new functionality.

Correctness

F# has a powerful type system which prevents many common errors such as null reference exceptions.

Values are immutable by default, which prevents a large class of errors.

In addition, you can often encode business logic using the type system itself in such a way that it is actually impossible to write incorrect code or mix up units of measure, greatly reducing the need for unit tests. // strict type checking printfn "print string %s" 123 //compile error // all values immutable by default person1 . First <- "new name" //assignment error // never have to check for nulls let makeNewString str = //str can always be appended to safely let newString = str + " new!" newString // embed business logic into types emptyShoppingCart . remove // compile error! // units of measure let distance = 10 < m > + 10 < ft > // error!

Concurrency

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F# has a number of built-in libraries to help when more than one thing at a time is happening. Asynchronous programming is very easy, as is parallelism. F# also has a built-in actor model, and excellent support for event handling and functional reactive programming. And of course, because data structures are immutable by default, sharing state and avoiding locks is much easier. // easy async logic with "async" keyword let! result = async { something } // easy parallelism Async . Parallel [ for i in 0 .. 40 -> async { return fib ( i ) } ] // message queues MailboxProcessor . Start ( fun inbox -> async { let! msg = inbox . Receive () printfn "message is: %s" msg })

Completeness

Although it is a functional language at heart, F# does support other styles which are not 100% pure, which makes it much easier to interact with the non-pure world of web sites, databases, other applications, and so on. In particular, F# is designed as a hybrid functional/OO language, so it can do virtually everything that C# can do. Of course, F# is part of the .NET ecosystem, which gives you seamless access to all the third party .NET libraries and tools. It runs on most platforms, including Linux and smart phones (via Mono). Finally, it is well integrated with Visual Studio, which means you get a great IDE with IntelliSense support, a debugger, and many plug-ins for unit tests, source control, and other development tasks. Or on Linux, you can use the MonoDevelop IDE instead. // impure code when needed let mutable counter = 0 // create C# compatible classes and interfaces type IEnumerator < ' a > = abstract member Current : ' a abstract MoveNext : unit -> bool // extension methods type System . Int32 with member this . IsEven = this % 2 = 0 let i = 20 if i . IsEven then printfn "'%i' is even" i // UI code open System.Windows.Forms let form = new Form ( Width = 400 , Height = 300 , Visible = true , Text = "Hello World" ) form . TopMost <- true form . Click . Add ( fun args -> printfn "clicked!" ) form . Show ()

Want more details?

If you want more information, the “Why use F#?” series of posts covers each of these points in much greater detail.

fsharpforfunandprofit.com - Why use F#? | F# for fun and profit

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