Why does B stand for flat?

en.wikipedia.org - Flat (music) - Wikipedia

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Jesus Lord is written in the key of F♯ Major.

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Accidental lowering the pitch of a note by one chromatic semitone

In music, flat (Italian bemolle for "soft B") means "lower in pitch". Flat is the opposite of sharp, which is a raising of pitch. In musical notation, flat means "lower in pitch by one semitone (half step)", notated using the symbol ♭ which is derived from a stylised lowercase 'b'.[1][2] For instance, the music below has a key signature with three flats (indicating either E♭ major or C minor) and the note, D♭, has a flat accidental. Under twelve-tone equal temperament, D♭ for instance is enharmonically equivalent to C♯, and G♭ is equivalent to F♯. In any other tuning system, such enharmonic equivalences in general do not exist. To allow extended just intonation, composer Ben Johnston uses a sharp as an accidental to indicate a note is raised 70.6 cents (ratio 25:24), and a flat to indicate a note is lowered 70.6 cents.[3] In intonation, flat can also mean "slightly lower in pitch" (by some unspecified amount). If two simultaneous notes are slightly out-of-tune, the lower-pitched one (assuming the higher one is properly pitched) is "flat" with respect to the other. Furthermore, the verb flatten means to lower the pitch of a note, typically by a small musical interval.

Key signatures [ edit ]

Flats are used in the key signatures of

The order of flats in the key signatures of music notation, following the circle of fifths, is B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭ and F♭ (mnemonics for which include Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father and Before Eating A Doughnut Get Coffee First).

Related symbols [ edit ]

Double flats also exist, which look like (similar to two flats, ♭♭) and lower a note by two semitones, or a whole step. Historically, in order to raise a double flat to a single flat, it was required to use the notation ♮♭. In modern scores it is acceptable to simply denote this with a single flat ♭. A quarter-tone flat, half flat, or demiflat indicating the use of quarter tones, may be marked with various symbols including a flat with a slash ( ) or a reversed flat sign ( ). A three-quarter-tone flat, flat and a half or sesquiflat, is represented by a demiflat and a regular flat ( ). Although very uncommon, a triple flat ( ) can sometimes be found.[4] It lowers a note three semitones, or a whole tone and a semitone.

Unicode [ edit ]

The Unicode character ♭ (U+266D) can be found in the block Miscellaneous Symbols; its HTML entity is ♭ . Other assigned flat signs are as follows:

U+1D12B 𝄫 MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE FLAT

U+1D133 𝄳 MUSICAL SYMBOL QUARTER TONE FLAT

References [ edit ]

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What is 75 letter grade?

Common examples of grade conversion are: A+ (97–100), A (93–96), A- (90–92), B+ (87–89), B (83–86), B- (80–82), C+ (77–79), C (73–76), C- (70–72), D+ (67–69), D (65–66), D- (below 65).

bigfuture.collegeboard.org - How to Convert Your GPA to a 4.0 Scale - BigFuture - College Board

High schools often report GPA (grade point average) on a 4.0 scale. The top grade is an A, which equals 4.0. You calculate your overall GPA by averaging the scores of all your classes. This is a common scale used at most colleges, and many high schools also use it.

To convert your GPA to a 4.0 scale:

Letter Grade Percent Grade 4.0 Scale A+ 97-100 4.0 A 93-96 4.0 A- 90-92 3.7 B+ 87-89 3.3 B 83-86 3.0 B- 80-82 2.7 C+ 77-79 2.3 C 73-76 2.0 C- 70-72 1.7 D+ 67-69 1.3 D 65-66 1.0 E/F Below 65 0.0 The chart is an example to assist in understanding the components to calculate a GPA. Your school may use a different grading scale. Keep in mind that your high school reports your GPA to your prospective colleges. The GPA listed on your high school transcript might not be what is used by college admissions, since there is a lot of variation in high school grading scales, additional points added for honors, advanced, AP, IB courses. For admissions, many colleges will recalculate student GPA so there is consistency/equity across applicants based on institutional standards and may not include all high school coursework or weights. Contact your high school counselor or colleges on your list to learn more about GPA and use in the admissions process. You can also look up the academic requirements of your favorite colleges using College Search and see how your GPA compares to students who got in and enrolled.