Who actually wrote the Gospel of John?

The authorship of the Gospel of John has long been a controversial topic in New Testament studies. Over the past two centuries, three options have emerged as prominent: authorship by the Apostle John, authorship by the Elder John, and anonymous authorship.

link.springer.com - Who Is the Author of the Gospel of John, and When Was It Written?

What can I use instead of a piano?

Pianos can be super expensive, but a keyboard is a great alternative to a piano and just as effective! Acoustic pianos are great but they do...

Last updated Mar 8, 2021

Can you really learn piano from an app?

Yes, technically, you can learn piano with an app. Modern piano apps will teach you how to read notes in both treble and bass clefs, play those...

Last updated Sep 22, 2022

Join almost HALF A MILLION Happy Students Worldwide

Promotion

Aland, Kurt, and Barbara Aland. 1987. The text of the New Testament. Trans. E.F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Ball, David A. 1989. The crucifixion and death of a man called Jesus. Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association 30: 77–83.

Barnstone, Willis, ed. 2005. The other Bible. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco.

Bartlet, Vernon. 1933. Papias’ ‘exposition’: Its date and contents. In Amicitiae Corolla, ed. H.G. Wood, 15–44. London: University of London Press. Bauckham, Richard. 1993. Papias and Polycrates on the origin of the fourth gospel. Journal of Theological Studies 44: 24–69. ———. 2007. The testimony of the beloved disciple: Narrative, history, and theology in the gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic. ———. 2017. Jesus and the eyewitnesses: The gospels as eyewitness testimony. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Beasley-Murray, George R. 1987. John, Word Biblical Commentary. Waco: Word.

Berger, Klaus. 1997. Im Anfang war Johannes: Datierung und Theologie des vierten Evangeliums. Stuttgart: Quell. Bernard, J.H. 1928. A critical and exegetical commentary on the gospel according to St. John. 2 vols. Ed. Alan H. McNeile. Edinburgh: T & T Clark. Blomberg, Craig L. 2001. The historical reliability of John’s gospel. Downers Grove: InterVarsity. Boismard, Marie-Émile. 1998. Le disciple que Jésus aimait d’après Jn 21,1ss et 1,35ss. Revue Biblique 105: 76–80. Brown, Raymond E. 1966. The gospel according to John I–XII, Anchor Bible. New York: Doubleday. ———. 1970. The gospel according to John XIII–XXI, Anchor Bible. New York: Doubleday.

———. 1979. The community of the beloved disciple. London: G. Chapman.

———. 1982. The epistles of John, Anchor Bible. New York: Doubleday.

Carson, D.A. 1991. The gospel according to John, Pillar New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Charlesworth, James H. 1995. The beloved disciple. Valley Forge: Trinity Press International.

Colson, Jean. 1969. L’énigme du disciple que Jésus aimait, Théologie Historique 10. Paris: Beauchesne. Comfort, Philip W., and David P. Barrett, eds. 2001. The text of the earliest New Testament Greek manuscripts. Wheaton: Tyndale. Craig, William Lane. 2002. Assessing the New Testament evidence for the historicity of the resurrection of Jesus, Studies in the Bible and Early Christianity 16. 3rd ed. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen.

———. 2008. Reasonable faith. 3rd ed. Wheaton: Crossway.

Cribbs, F.Lamar. 1970. A reassessment of the date of origin and the destination of the gospel of John. Journal of Biblical Literature 89: 38–55. Crossan, John Dominic. 1998. Dialogue. In Will the real Jesus please stand up? ed. Paul Copan, 48–67. Grand Rapids: Baker.

Cullmann, Oscar. 1976. The Johannine circle. Trans. John Bowden. London: SCM.

Culpepper, R. Alan. 1994. John the son of Zebedee: The life of a legend. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. Davis, C. Truman. 1965. The crucifixion of Jesus: The passion of Christ from a medical point of view. Arizona Medicine 22: 183–187. Dionysius of Halicarnassus. 1974. The critical essays. 2 vols. Trans. Stephen Usher. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Dodd, C.H. 1963. Historical tradition in the fourth gospel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Edwards, William D., Wesley J. Gabel, and Floyd E. Hosmer. 1986. On the physical death of Jesus Christ. Journal of the American Medical Association 255: 1455–1463.

Eisler, Robert. 1938. The enigma of the fourth gospel. London: Methuen.

Gamble, Harry Y. 1995. Books and readers in the early church: A history of early Christian texts. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Grant, Robert M. 1946. Second-century Christianity. London: SPCK.

Grassi, J.A. 1992. The secret identity of the beloved disciple. New York: Paulist. Gundry, Robert H. 1993. Mark: A commentary on his apology for the cross. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. ———. 1994. A survey of the New Testament. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. Gunther, J.J. 1980. Early identifications of the author of the Johannine writings. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 31: 407–427.

How do you go from 1st to 2nd smoothly?

To ease the transition into second gear, bring the engine speed to roughly 1500-2000 RPM. Without revving the engine up slightly, you'll have a...

Last updated Feb 8, 2018

Is a minor sixth a tritone?

This is one of the reasons why the minor sixth chord is rarely used. Another one is because the minor sixth chord is tritonic. Tritonic chords are...

Last updated Feb 26, 2021

Promotion

Haenchen, Ernst. 1984. John. 2 vols. Trans. Robert W. Funk. Hermeneia. Minneapolis: Fortress. Harris, Murray J. 1992. Jesus as God: The New Testament use of theos in reference to Jesus. Grand Rapids: Baker. Hengel, Martin. 1985. Studies in the gospel of Mark. Trans. John Bowden. London: SCM.

———. 1989. The Johannine question. Trans. John Bowden. London: SCM.

———. 2000. The four gospels and the one gospel of Jesus Christ. Trans. John Bowden. London: SCM. Hitchcock, F.R.Montgomery. 1930. The use of γράφειν. Journal of Theological Studies 31: 271–275.

Hornschuh, Manfred. 1965. Studien zur Epistula Apostolorum. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Hurtado, Larry W. 2003. Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in earliest Christianity. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Jackson, Howard M. 1999. Ancient self-referential conventions and their implications for the authorship and integrity of the gospel of John. Journal of Theological Studies 50: 1–34. Jewell, James H., Jr., and Patricia A. Didden. 1979. A surgeon looks at the cross. Voice 58: 3–5. Junod, Éric, and Jean-Daniel Kaestli. 1983. Acta Johannis, Corpus Christianorum Series Apocryphorum 2. Turnhout: Brepols. Keener, Craig S. 1999. A commentary on the gospel of Matthew. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

———. 2003. The gospel of John. 2 vols. Peabody: Hendrickson.

Kemper, Friedmar. 1987. Zur literarischen Gestalt des Johannes-evangeliums. Theologische Zeitschrift 43: 247–264.

Kimelman, Reuven. 1981. Birkat ha-minim and the lack of evidence for an anti-Christian Jewish prayer in late antiquity. In Jewish and Christian self-definition, volume II: Aspects of Judaism in the Graeco-Roman period, ed. E.P. Sanders, 226–244. Valley Forge: Trinity Press International. Koester, Helmut. 1989. From the kerygma-gospel to written gospels. New Testament Studies 35: 361–381.

———. 1990. Ancient Christian gospels: Their history and development. London: SCM.

Körtner, Ulrich H.J. 1983. Papias von Hierapolis, Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

Köstenberger, Andreas J. 1999. Encountering John. Grand Rapids: Baker.

Kruse, C.G. 2003. John, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.

Kysar, Robert. 2007. John, the maverick gospel. 3rd ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox. Lawlor, Hugh Jackson, and John E.L. Oulton, trans. 1927. Eusebius bishop of Caesarea: The ecclesiastical history and the martyrs of Palestine. 2 vols. London: SPCK. Licona, Michael R. 2010. The resurrection of Jesus: A new historiographical approach. Downers Grove: IVP Academic. Lincoln, Andrew T. 2000. Truth on trial: The lawsuit motif in the fourth gospel. Peabody: Hendrickson. Lindars, Barnabas, Ruth B. Edwards, and John M. Court. 2000. The Johannine literature. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. Lüdemann, Gerd. 1995. What really happened to Jesus: A historical approach to the resurrection. Trans. Alf Özen. Louisville: Westminster John Knox. Martyn, J. Louis. 2003. History and theology in the fourth gospel. 3rd ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox. Maslen, Matthew W., and Piers D. Mitchell. 2006. Medical theories on the cause of death in crucifixion. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 99: 185–188. McGiffert, Arthur Cushman, trans. 1890. The church history of Eusebius. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 1, ed. Philip Schaff. Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Company. Morris, Leon. 1995. The gospel according to John. Rev. ed. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Moulton, James H. 1908. A grammar of New Testament Greek: Prolegomena. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Clark. O’Day, Gail R. 1996. The gospel of John: Introduction, commentary, and reflections. In The new interpreter’s Bible, ed. Leander Keck, vol. 9, 495–865. Nashville: Abingdon. Parker, Pierson. 1962. John the son of Zebedee and the fourth gospel. Journal of Biblical Literature 81: 35–43. Pryor, John W. 1992. John: Evangelist of the covenant people. London: Darton, Longman & Todd.

What piano does Billy Joel use?

Steinway pianos Music is music.” He's unequivocal about his preference for Steinway pianos to tell his musical stories. Jan 22, 2022

Last updated Jul 19, 2022

How long do piano lessons take?

If you want to be a professional classical performer, you're looking at a minimum of 10 to 15 years of concentrated study with a master teacher,...

Last updated Mar 8, 2019

Promotion

Reicke, Bo. 1986. The roots of the synoptic gospels. Minneapolis: Fortress.

Ridderbos, Herman. 1997. The gospel of John: A theological commentary. Trans. J. Vriend. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Rigato, Maria-Luisa. 1990. L’ ‘apostolo ed evangelista Giovanni,’ ‘sacerdoto’ levitico. Rivista Biblica 38: 451–483.

Robinson, John A.T. 1976. Redating the New Testament. London: SCM.

———. 1985. The priority of John. Ed. J.F. Coakley. London: SCM.

Safrai, Shmuel. 1988. Home and family. In The Jewish people in the first century: Historical geography, political history, social, cultural, and religious life and institutions, Compendia rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum, ed. Shmuel Safrai and M. Stern, 735–746. Minneapolis: Fortress. Sanders, J.N. 1943. The fourth gospel in the early church. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schiffman, Lawrence H. 1981. At the crossroads: Tannaitic perspectives on the Jewish-Christian schism. In Jewish and Christian self-definition, volume II: Aspects of Judaism in the Graeco-Roman period, ed. E.P. Sanders, 115–156. Valley Forge: Trinity Press International. Schnackenburg, Rudolf. 1976. Das Johannesevangelium. 3 vols. 2nd ed. Herders theologischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament. Freiburg: Herder. Schnelle, Udo. 1992. Antidocetic christology in the gospel of John. Trans. Linda M. Maloney. Minneapolis: Fortress. Schoedel, William R. 1967. The apostolic fathers, Polycarp, Martyrdom of Polycarp, Fragments of Papias. Vol. 5. Camden: Nelson. Schrenk, Gottlob. 1964. γράφω, γραφή, γράμμα, κ.τ.λ. In Theological dictionary of the New Testament, vol. 1, ed. Gerhard Kittel, trans. G.W. Bromiley, 742–743. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Segal, Alan F. 1981. Ruler of this world: Attitudes about mediator figures and the importance of sociology for self-definition. In Jewish and Christian self-definition, volume II: Aspects of Judaism in the Graeco-Roman period, ed. E.P. Sanders, 245–268. Valley Forge: Trinity Press International.

Smith, D.Moody. 1999. John, Abingdon New Testament Commentaries. Nashville: Abingdon.

Sperber, Daniel. 1990. A commentary on Derech Eretz Zuta chapters 6–8. Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press. Stanton, Graham N. 1974. Jesus of Nazareth in New Testament preaching, Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series 27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Stather Hunt, B.P.W. 1958. Some Johannine problems. London: Skeffington.

Strecker, Georg. 2000. Theology of the New Testament. Ed. Friedrich Wilhelm Horn. Trans. M. Eugene Boring. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Streeter, B.H. 1929. The primitive church. London: Macmillan.

———. 1930. The four gospels. Rev. ed. London: Macmillan.

Talbert, Charles H. 1992. Reading John. New York: Crossroad.

Tiede, David L. 1988. Luke, Augsburg Commentary on the New Testament. Minneapolis: Fortress. Tilborg, Sjef van. 1993. Imaginative love in John, Biblical Interpretation Series 2. Leiden: Brill. Tovey, Derek. 1997. Narrative art and act in the fourth gospel, Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement 151. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic. Tresmontant, Claude. 1989. The Hebrew Christ: Language in the age of the gospels. Trans. Kenneth D. Whitehead. Chicago: Franciscan Herald. Vaganay, Léon, and Christian-Bernard Amphoux. 1991. An introduction to New Testament textual criticism. Trans. Jenny Heimerdinger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vanhoozer, Kevin J. 2002. First theology: God, scripture & hermeneutics. Downers Grove: InterVarsity. Wessel, Walter W. 1984. Mark. In The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, vol. 8, gen. ed. Frank E. Gæbelein, 601–793. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. Westcott, B.F. 1894. The gospel according to St. John: The authorized version with introduction and notes. London: John Murray. Whiston, William, trans. 1987. The works of Josephus: New updated edition. Peabody: Hendrickson. Whiteley, D.E.H. 1985. Was John written by a Sadducee? In Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römische Welt 2.25.3, ed. Wolfgang Haase, 2481–2505. Berlin: de Gruyter.