Piano Guidance
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What's the key signature?

key signature, in musical notation, the arrangement of sharp or flat signs on particular lines and spaces of a musical staff to indicate that the corresponding notes, in every octave, are to be consistently raised (by sharps) or lowered (by flats) from their natural pitches.

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key signature, in musical notation, the arrangement of sharp or flat signs on particular lines and spaces of a musical staff to indicate that the corresponding notes, in every octave, are to be consistently raised (by sharps) or lowered (by flats) from their natural pitches. (The keys of C major and A minor, having no sharps or flats, have no key signature.) The key signature is placed after the clef indication (treble or bass, for example) at the beginning of a staff or after a double bar line—the separation necessary for a change of signature—within a staff. In Western tonality, specific groupings represent the major and minor keys. One flat appears as a key signature in some of the earliest sources that use staff notation, dating from the 11th or 12th century, a practice that survives in printed books of plainchant (see Gregorian chant). The concept was universally adopted with staff notation, but not until the late 18th century was the modern system of keys and associated fixed key signatures fully developed. Beginning in the late 19th century and continuing into the 21st, composers who challenged traditional tonality often used the notation in new ways. Some have marked notes with accidentals throughout, even when using a key signature, and others have mixed sharps and flats in the same signature. In orchestral scores since the late 18th century (in the music of Joseph Haydn and later composers), different key signatures may appear simultaneously; some of the different instruments require transposition (e.g., fingering a C to sound a B-flat) because of differences in fingering systems (clarinets, for example) or changes in tube length (in horns and trumpets). In some orchestral scores published since the 1920s, however, this practice is not followed, and all instruments are indicated to sound as written. (See also instrumentation; transposing musical instrument.)

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Is F higher than E?

In the major scale, there are eight notes going up the steps from bottom to top. These are the eight notes of the octave. On a C scale, the notes from low to high would be C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C.

edu.xunta.gal - THE SCALE - EDU Xunta

THE SCALE

A scale is like a staircase. In the major scale, there are eight notes going up the steps from bottom to top. These are the eight notes of the octave. On a C scale, the notes from low to high would be C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C. But in a scale, some steps are larger than others. In a major scale, there are five whole steps and two half steps. These steps are shown more easily on a piano keyboard: a whole step is the distance between a white key and the next white key, providing there is a black key in between; and a half step is the distance between a white key and the nearest black key. Also, the distance between two white notes that have no black key between them. It is possible to raise or lower the pitch or highness of a note by a half tone. The “sharp” (#) raises the pitch by a half tone. C-sharp, for example, is a half tone higher than C. A flat (b) lowers the pitch by a half tone. D-flat would be a half tone lower than D, and would be the same sound as C-sharp.

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