Piano Guidance
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What scales to play over blues?

The scales used most often for soloing in blues-influenced music are minor and major pentatonic. As its name implies, a pentatonic scale consists of five tones, as penta means 'five' and tonic means 'tone'.

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The scales used most often for soloing in blues-influenced music are minor and major pentatonic. As its name implies, a pentatonic scale consists of five tones, as penta means 'five' and tonic means 'tone'. I play in a variety of bands that perform the music of the Allman Brothers Band, and I toured with Dickey Betts for 12 years, and when soloing over every one of those ABB songs, such as Blue Sky, Melissa or Whipping Post, I’ve found that these are the scales that work best as a foundation for embellishment. Adding a note or two to a pentatonic form results in a six- or seven-tone scale and crosses into modal territory, which is also very useful for soloing in this type of genre. That said, a firm grasp of minor and major pentatonic forms is essential before moving forward with six- and seven-tone scales. Let’s begin with the G minor pentatonic scale (G Bb C D F), illustrated in FIGURE 1. In terms of intervals, or scale degrees, it’s spelled 1 b3 4 5 b7. The term 'flat' and its musical symbol b are often used to indicate what is technically a minor interval, such as a minor third or seventh (b3 or b7), as well as a diminished fifth (b5), even though the note name itself may not have 'flat' in it. Take notice of the sound and quality of the minor third, Bb. It’s a very expressive note, one that’s often emphasized in blues solos. A great improvisational device, one that has been used by all the great blues and blues-rock guitarists, from BB, Freddie and Albert King to T-Bone Walker and Buddy Guy, to Jimi Hendrix, Jeff Beck and Stevie Ray Vaughan, is to bend the minor third up a half step to the major third. In the key of G, this means bending Bb up to B natural, as demonstrated in FIGURE 2. The reason the major third sounds good in most blues songs is that they’re played in major keys, utilizing dominant seven chords (1 3 5 b7). For example, a standard I-IV-V (one-four-five) blues in the key of G is built from the chords G7, C7 and D7. When we substitute the major third for the minor third in G minor pentatonic, all of the notes for the dominant-seven I chord are sounded; for G7, that would be G B D F. Bending the minor third up to the major third is a staple of the blues sound, as exemplified in the classic Howlin’ Wolf tune I Ain’t Superstitious. FIGURE 3 offers an example in that style. If we replace all of the Bb notes in G minor pentatonic with B natural, we get what’s called G dominant pentatonic, as illustrated in FIGURE 4, which is another very useful scale for soloing. FIGURE 5 offers a solo over the first six bars of a slow 12-bar blues in G, with emphasis placed on sounding the major third within the minor pentatonic phrases. Once you have a handle on this approach, try incorporating this minor-to-major move into your own blues-based leads. Guitar World Associate Editor Andy Aledort is recognized worldwide for his vast contributions to guitar instruction, via his many best-selling instructional DVDs, transcription books and online lessons. You can contact Andy at andyaledort.com (opens in new tab).

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What is so special about the left hand in boogie-woogie piano?

In boogie-woogie, the left-hand is the driving force of the music. It's like a freight train, both in its train-like rhythm and in its power to drive the song forward.

Bass Lines & Left Hand Patterns

In boogie-woogie, the left-hand is the driving force of the music. It’s like a freight train, both in its train-like rhythm and in its power to drive the song forward.

The Bass Player & Drummer In One!

The boogie-woogie left-hand plays the role of the bass player and drummer in a band, both rolled into one. It keeps the beat, it plays the bass line, and it establishes the groove.

8th Note Triplets

The magic of the boogie-woogie bass line rhythm comes from what we could call a 12 against 4 rhythm. It’s based on 8th note triplets. An 8th note triplet is 3 8th notes within the space of one quarter note. We will look at a simple blues left hand that can be played slowly. This is a very simple left-hand part, and a good one to start practicing with, to get the feel in your hands and in your body.

The Swing Feel

Swing is hard to define, but crucial to the sound and rhythm of boogie-woogie and all jazz and other improvised musical styles. Swing is very subtle, we will demonstrate the subtle differences between a swing rhythm, and a straight rhythm.

The Split Octave Bass line

The split octave bass line is probably the best-known boogie-woogie bass line. This can be difficult for smaller hands but we will explore the most effective way to practice this style so that you can play it fluently.

The ‘Train’ Bass line

This is the most complicated bass line, but is the favourite of many different musicians. We’ll be using it later in the course in the lesson on “The Boogie Woogie Prayer”.

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