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What means B in music?

In music, flat (Italian bemolle for "soft B") means "lower in pitch". Flat is the opposite of sharp, which is a raising of pitch. In musical notation, flat means "lower in pitch by one semitone (half step)", notated using the symbol ♭ which is derived from a stylised lowercase 'b'.

en.wikipedia.org - Flat (music) - Wikipedia
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Accidental lowering the pitch of a note by one chromatic semitone

In music, flat (Italian bemolle for "soft B") means "lower in pitch". Flat is the opposite of sharp, which is a raising of pitch. In musical notation, flat means "lower in pitch by one semitone (half step)", notated using the symbol ♭ which is derived from a stylised lowercase 'b'.[1][2] For instance, the music below has a key signature with three flats (indicating either E♭ major or C minor) and the note, D♭, has a flat accidental. Under twelve-tone equal temperament, D♭ for instance is enharmonically equivalent to C♯, and G♭ is equivalent to F♯. In any other tuning system, such enharmonic equivalences in general do not exist. To allow extended just intonation, composer Ben Johnston uses a sharp as an accidental to indicate a note is raised 70.6 cents (ratio 25:24), and a flat to indicate a note is lowered 70.6 cents.[3] In intonation, flat can also mean "slightly lower in pitch" (by some unspecified amount). If two simultaneous notes are slightly out-of-tune, the lower-pitched one (assuming the higher one is properly pitched) is "flat" with respect to the other. Furthermore, the verb flatten means to lower the pitch of a note, typically by a small musical interval.

Key signatures [ edit ]

Flats are used in the key signatures of

The order of flats in the key signatures of music notation, following the circle of fifths, is B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭ and F♭ (mnemonics for which include Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father and Before Eating A Doughnut Get Coffee First).

Related symbols [ edit ]

Double flats also exist, which look like (similar to two flats, ♭♭) and lower a note by two semitones, or a whole step. Historically, in order to raise a double flat to a single flat, it was required to use the notation ♮♭. In modern scores it is acceptable to simply denote this with a single flat ♭. A quarter-tone flat, half flat, or demiflat indicating the use of quarter tones, may be marked with various symbols including a flat with a slash ( ) or a reversed flat sign ( ). A three-quarter-tone flat, flat and a half or sesquiflat, is represented by a demiflat and a regular flat ( ). Although very uncommon, a triple flat ( ) can sometimes be found.[4] It lowers a note three semitones, or a whole tone and a semitone.

Unicode [ edit ]

The Unicode character ♭ (U+266D) can be found in the block Miscellaneous Symbols; its HTML entity is ♭ . Other assigned flat signs are as follows:

U+1D12B 𝄫 MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE FLAT

U+1D133 𝄳 MUSICAL SYMBOL QUARTER TONE FLAT

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

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What is a 1/4 scale called?

Imperial Units - US A 1/4"" scale means that each 1/4"" (inch) on the plan counts for 1' (feet) of actual physical length. To scale a blueprint in imperial units to actual feet. multiply the measurement on the drawing (in inches decimal equivalent) with the denominator.

engineeringtoolbox.com - Drawing Scales - The Engineering ToolBox

Blueprint drawings are typically drawn in

1:20, 1:50 or 1:100 (SI-units)

or

1/4" or 1/8" (Imperial units, US)

scales.

SI-Units

To scale a SI-drawing

multiply the measurement on the drawing with the denominator

where the denominator is the number after the colon.

Example - Blueprint Drawing Scale 1:50

An actual length of 1 cm is measured on a 1:50 blueprint floor plan. The physical length can be calculated as

(1 cm) 50 = 50 cm

Imperial Units - US

A 1/4" scale means that each 1/4" (inch) on the plan counts for 1' (feet) of actual physical length.

To scale a blueprint in imperial units to actual feet

multiply the measurement on the drawing (in inches decimal equivalent) with the denominator

where the denominator is the bottom number.

Example - Blueprint Drawing Scale 1/4"

An actual length is measured to 1-3/8" on a 1/4" blueprint floor plan. The physical length can be calculated as

(1-3/8 inch) 4 = (1.375 inch) 4

= 5.5 feet

= 5' 6"

Commonly Used Drawing Scales

Details

1:1

1:5

1:10

1:20

Component Drawings, Assembly

1:20

1:10

1:5

Floor Plans, General Arrangement (GA)

1:40

1:50

Location Plot Plans

1:80

1:100

1:200

Location Plat Plans

1:500

Block Plan, City Maps and larger

1:1000

1:1250

1:2500

Ordnance Survey Maps

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