Piano Guidance
Photo by Miguel Á. Padriñán Pexels Logo Photo: Miguel Á. Padriñán

What is the circle name?

A circle is named by its center. The parts of a circle include a radius, diameter and a chord. All diameters are chords, but not all chords are diameters.

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A circle is an important shape in the field of geometry. Let's look at the definition of a circle and its parts. We will also examine the relationship between the circle and the plane. A circle is a shape with all points the same distance from its center. A circle is named by its center. Thus, the circle to the right is called circle A since its center is at point A. Some real world examples of a circle are a wheel, a dinner plate and (the surface of) a coin. The distance across a circle through the center is called the diameter. A real-world example of diameter is a 9-inch plate. The radius of a circle is the distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle. If you place two radii end-to-end in a circle, you would have the same length as one diameter. Thus, the diameter of a circle is twice as long as the radius. We can look at a pizza pie to find real-world examples of diameter and radius. Look at the pizza to the right which has been sliced into 8 equal parts through its center. A radius is formed by making a straight cut from the center to a point on the circle. A straight cut made from a point on the circle, continuing through its center to another point on the circle, is a diameter. As you can see, a circle has many different radii and diameters, each passing through its center. A chord is a line segment that joins two points on a curve. In geometry, a chord is often used to describe a line segment joining two endpoints that lie on a circle. The circle to the right contains chord AB. If this circle was a pizza pie, you could cut off a piece of pizza along chord AB. By cutting along chord AB, you are cutting off a segment of pizza that includes this chord. It turns out that a diameter of a circle is the longest chord of that circle since it passes through the center. A diameter satisfies the definition of a chord, however, a chord is not necessarily a diameter. This is because every diameter passes through the center of a circle, but some chords do not pass through the center. Thus, it can be stated, every diameter is a chord, but not every chord is a diameter. Let's revisit the definition of a circle. A circle is the set of points that are equidistant from a special point in the plane. The special point is the center. In the circle to the right, the center is point A. Thus we have circle A. A plane is a flat surface that extends without end in all directions. In the diagram to the right, Plane P contains points A, B and C.

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Can you think of some real world objects that satisfy the definition of a plane? At this level of mathematics, that is difficult to do. Intuitively, a plane may be visualized as a flat infinite sheet of paper. The top of your desk and a chalkboard are objects which can be used to represent a plane, although they do not satisfy the definition above.

A circle divides the plane into three parts:

the points INSIDE the circle the points OUTSIDE the circle and the points ON the circle You can see an interactive demonstration of this by placing your mouse over the three items below.

A circle divides a plane into three parts:

the points INSIDE the circle the points OUTSIDE the circle and the points ON the circle

Example 1:

Name the center of this circle.

Answer: Point B

Example 2:

Name two chords on this circle that are not diameters.

Answer: DE and FG

Example 3:

Name all radii on this circle.

Answer: BA, BC, BD and BG

Example 4:

What are AC and DG?

Answer: AC and DG are diameters.

Example 5:

If DG is 5 inches long, then how long is DB?

Solution: The diameter of a circle is twice as long as the radius.

5 inches ÷ 2 = 2.5 inches

Answer: The length of DB is 2.5 inches

Summary: A circle is a shape with all points the same distance from its center. A circle is named by its center. The parts of a circle include a radius, diameter and a chord. All diameters are chords, but not all chords are diameters. A plane is a flat surface that extends without end in all directions. A circle divides the plane into three parts: The points inside the circle, the points outside the circle and the points on the circle.

1. Which of the following is a chord, but not a diameter?

PR

QS

PT

None of the above. RESULTS BOX:

2. Which of the following is a radius?

PQ

QR

QS

All of the above.

RESULTS BOX:

3. Name the center of this circle.

Point P

Point Q

Point R

None of the above. RESULTS BOX:

4. What is PR (or PQR)?

diameter

radius

center

None of the above. RESULTS BOX:

5. If PQ is 3 cm long, then how long is PR?

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