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List Key number MIDI note Scientific name 65 85 C♯6/D♭6 64 84 C6 Soprano C (High C) 63 83 B5 81 more rows

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This is a list of the fundamental frequencies in hertz (cycles per second) of the keys of a modern 88-key standard or 108-key extended piano in twelve-tone equal temperament, with the 49th key, the fifth A (called A 4 ), tuned to 440 Hz (referred to as A440).[1][2] Since every octave is made of twelve steps and since a jump of one octave doubles the frequency (for example, the fifth A is 440 Hz and the sixth A is 880 Hz), each successive pitch is derived by multiplying (ascending) or dividing (descending) the frequency of the previous pitch by the twelfth root of two (approximately 1.059463).[1][2] For example, to get the frequency one semitone up from A 4 (A♯ 4 ), multiply 440 by the twelfth root of two. To go from A 4 to B 4 (up one whole tone, or two semitones), multiply 440 twice by the twelfth root of two (or once by the sixth root of two, approximately 1.122462). To go from A 4 to C 5 (which is a minor third), multiply 440 three times by the twelfth root of two (or once by the fourth root of two, approximately 1.189207). For other tuning schemes refer to musical tuning. This list of frequencies is for a theoretically ideal piano. On an actual piano the ratio between semitones is slightly larger, especially at the high and low ends, where string stiffness causes inharmonicity, i.e., the tendency for the harmonic makeup of each note to run sharp. To compensate for this, octaves are tuned slightly wide, stretched according to the inharmonic characteristics of each instrument.[3] This deviation from equal temperament is called the Railsback curve. The following equation gives the frequency f of the nth key, as shown in the table:[1] f ( n ) = ( 2 12 ) n − 49 × 440 Hz {displaystyle f(n)=left({sqrt[{12}]{2}}, ight)^{n-49} imes 440,{ ext{Hz}},} (a' = A 4 = A440 is the 49th key on the idealized standard piano)

Alternatively, this can be written as:

f ( n ) = 2 n − 49 12 × 440 Hz {displaystyle f(n)=2^{frac {n-49}{12}} imes 440,{ ext{Hz}},} Conversely, starting from a frequency on the idealized standard piano tuned to A440, one obtains the key number by: n = 12 log 2 ⁡ ( f 440 Hz ) + 49 {displaystyle n=12,log _{2}left({frac {f}{440,{ ext{Hz}}}} ight)+49}

List [ edit ]

An 88-key piano, with the octaves numbered and Middle C (cyan) and A440 (yellow) highlighted A printable version of the standard key frequencies (only including the 88 keys on a standard piano) Values in bold are exact on an ideal piano. Keys shaded gray are rare and only appear on extended pianos. The normally included 88 keys have been numbered 1–88, with the extra low keys numbered 89–97 and the extra high keys numbered 98–108. (A 108-key piano that extends from C 0 to B 8 was first built in 2018 by Stuart & Sons.[4]) Key number MIDI note Helmholtz name[5] Scientific name[5] Frequency (Hz) (Equal temperament) [6] Corresponding open strings Violin Viola Cello Bass Guitar Ukulele 108 119 b′′′′′ B 8 7902.133 107 118 a ♯ ′′′′′/b ♭ ′′′′′ A ♯ 8 /B ♭ 8 7458.620 106 117 a′′′′′ A 8 7040.000 105 116 g ♯ ′′′′′/a ♭ ′′′′′ G ♯ 8 /A ♭ 8 6644.875 104 115 g′′′′′ G 8 6271.927 103 114 f ♯ ′′′′′/g ♭ ′′′′′ F ♯ 8 /G ♭ 8 5919.911 102 113 f′′′′′ F 8 5587.652 101 112 e′′′′′ E 8 5274.041 100 111 d ♯ ′′′′′/e ♭ ′′′′′ D ♯ 8 /E ♭ 8 4978.032 99 110 d′′′′′ D 8 4698.636 98 109 c ♯ ′′′′′/d ♭ ′′′′′ C ♯ 8 /D ♭ 8 4434.922 88 108 c′′′′′ 5-line octave C 8 Eighth octave 4186.009 87 107 b′′′′ B 7 3951.066 86 106 a ♯ ′′′′/b ♭ ′′′′ A ♯ 7 /B ♭ 7 3729.310 85 105 a′′′′ A 7 3520.000 84 104 g ♯ ′′′′/a ♭ ′′′′ G ♯ 7 /A ♭ 7 3322.438 83 103 g′′′′ G 7 3135.963 82 102 f ♯ ′′′′/g ♭ ′′′′ F ♯ 7 /G ♭ 7 2959.955 81 101 f′′′′ F 7 2793.826 80 100 e′′′′ E 7 2637.020 79 99 d ♯ ′′′′/e ♭ ′′′′ D ♯ 7 /E ♭ 7 2489.016 78 98 d′′′′ D 7 2349.318 77 97 c ♯ ′′′′/d ♭ ′′′′ C ♯ 7 /D ♭ 7 2217.461 76 96 c′′′′ 4-line octave C 7 Double high C 2093.005 75 95 b′′′ B 6 1975.533 74 94 a ♯ ′′′/b ♭ ′′′ A ♯ 6 /B ♭ 6 1864.655 73 93 a′′′ A 6 1760.000 72 92 g ♯ ′′′/a ♭ ′′′ G ♯ 6 /A ♭ 6 1661.219 71 91 g′′′ G 6 1567.982 70 90 f ♯ ′′′/g ♭ ′′′ F ♯ 6 /G ♭ 6 1479.978 69 89 f′′′ F 6 1396.913 68 88 e′′′ E 6 1318.510 67 87 d ♯ ′′′/e ♭ ′′′ D ♯ 6 /E ♭ 6 1244.508 66 86 d′′′ D 6 1174.659 65 85 c ♯ ′′′/d ♭ ′′′ C ♯ 6 /D ♭ 6 1108.731 64 84 c′′′ 3-line octave C 6 Soprano C (High C) 1046.502 63 83 b′′ B 5 987.7666 62 82 a ♯ ′′/b ♭ ′′ A ♯ 5 /B ♭ 5 932.3275 61 81 a′′ A 5 880.0000 60 80 g ♯ ′′/a ♭ ′′ G ♯ 5 /A ♭ 5 830.6094 59 79 g′′ G 5 783.9909 58 78 f ♯ ′′/g ♭ ′′ F ♯ 5 /G ♭ 5 739.9888 57 77 f′′ F 5 698.4565 56 76 e′′ E 5 659.2551 E E (5 String Viola) 55 75 d ♯ ′′/e ♭ ′′ D ♯ 5 /E ♭ 5 622.2540 54 74 d′′ D 5 587.3295 53 73 c ♯ ′′/d ♭ ′′ C ♯ 5 /D ♭ 5 554.3653 52 72 c′′ 2-line octave C 5 Tenor C 523.2511 51 71 b′ B 4 493.8833 High B (Optional for 12 String Guitar) 50 70 a ♯ ′/b ♭ ′ A ♯ 4 /B ♭ 4 466.1638 49 69 a′ A 4 A440 440.0000 A A High A (Optional) A 48 68 g ♯ ′/a ♭ ′ G ♯ 4 /A ♭ 4 415.3047 High Ab (12 Single String Bass) 47 67 g′ G 4 391.9954 High G 46 66 f ♯ ′/g ♭ ′ F ♯ 4 /G ♭ 4 369.9944 45 65 f′ F 4 349.2282 44 64 e′ E 4 329.6276 High E (5 String Cello) High E E 43 63 d ♯ ′/e ♭ ′ D ♯ 4 /E ♭ 4 311.1270 High Eb (12 String Single String Bass) 42 62 d′ D 4 293.6648 D D 41 61 c ♯ ′/d ♭ ′ C ♯ 4 /D ♭ 4 277.1826 40 60 c′ 1-line octave C 4 Middle C 261.6256 C 39 59 b B 3 246.9417 B 38 58 a ♯ /b ♭ A ♯ 3 /B ♭ 3 233.0819 37 57 a A 3 220.0000 A 36 56 g ♯ /a ♭ G ♯ 3 /A ♭ 3 207.6523 35 55 g G 3 195.9977 G G G Low G 34 54 f ♯ /g ♭ F ♯ 3 /G ♭ 3 184.9972 High F (7 String) 33 53 f F 3 174.6141 32 52 e E 3 164.8138 31 51 d ♯ /e ♭ D ♯ 3 /E ♭ 3 155.5635 30 50 d D 3 146.8324 D D 29 49 c ♯ /d ♭ C ♯ 3 /D ♭ 3 138.5913 28 48 c small octave C 3 130.8128 C (5 String) C C (6 string) 27 47 B B 2 123.4708 26 46 A ♯ /B ♭ A ♯ 2 /B ♭ 2 116.5409 25 45 A A 2 110.0000 A 24 44 G ♯ /A ♭ G ♯ 2 /A ♭ 2 103.8262 23 43 G G 2 97.99886 G G 22 42 F ♯ /G ♭ F ♯ 2 /G ♭ 2 92.49861 21 41 F F 2 87.30706 F (6 String) F (6 String) 20 40 E E 2 82.40689 Low E 19 39 D ♯ /E ♭ D ♯ 2 /E ♭ 2 77.78175 18 38 D D 2 73.41619 D 17 37 C ♯ /D ♭ C ♯ 2 /D ♭ 2 69.29566 16 36 C great octave C 2 Deep C 65.40639 C 15 35 B͵ B 1 61.73541 Low B (7 string) 14 34 A ♯ ͵/B ♭ ͵ A ♯ 1 /B ♭ 1 58.27047 13 33 A͵ A 1 55.00000 A 12 32 G ♯ ͵/A ♭ ͵ G ♯ 1 /A ♭ 1 51.91309 11 31 G͵ G 1 48.99943 10 30 F ♯ ͵/G ♭ ͵ F ♯ 1 /G ♭ 1 46.24930 Low F ♯ (8 string) 9 29 F͵ F 1 43.65353 8 28 E͵ E 1 41.20344 E 7 27 D ♯ ͵/E ♭ ͵ D ♯ 1 /E ♭ 1 38.89087 6 26 D͵ D 1 36.70810 5 25 C ♯ ͵/D ♭ ͵ C ♯ 1 /D ♭ 1 34.64783 Low C#(9 String) 4 24 C͵ contra-octave C 1 Pedal C 32.70320 3 23 B͵͵ B 0 30.86771 B (5 string) 2 22 A ♯ ͵͵/B ♭ ͵͵ A ♯ 0 /B ♭ 0 29.13524 1 21 A͵͵ A 0 27.50000 97 20 G ♯ ͵͵/A ♭ ͵͵ G ♯ 0 /A ♭ 0 25.95654 Low G# (10 String) 96 19 G͵͵ G 0 24.49971 95 18 F ♯ ͵͵/G ♭ ͵͵ F ♯ 0 /G ♭ 0 23.12465 94 17 F͵͵ F 0 21.82676 93 16 E͵͵ E 0 20.60172 92 15 D ♯ ͵͵/E ♭ ͵͵ D ♯ 0 /E ♭ 0 19.44544 91 14 D͵͵ D 0 18.35405 90 13 C ♯ ͵͵/D ♭ ͵͵ C ♯ 0 /D ♭ 0 17.32391 89 12 C͵͵ sub-contra-octave C 0 Double Pedal C 16.35160

References [ edit ]

en.wikipedia.org - Piano key frequencies - Wikipedia

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