Piano Guidance
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What is a 251 chord progression?

The 2nd, 5th, and 1st scale degrees of the G major scale are A, D, and G. With this in mind, the 251 progression in the key of G major would A minor, D major, and G major. Add the 7th extensions and you would have A minor 7, D dominant 7, and G major 7.

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How many chords are in a piano?
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This guitar lesson is all about the 251 chord progression. If you have ever listened to jazz you have definitely heard a 251 progression, jazz music is full of 251’s. To start out we will learn how to make a 251 in any key. To help reinforce this concept we will go through two keys and build a 251 progression in each key. Finally, we will let you know how being able to identify a 251 progression can help you in your soloing. All you have to do to make a 251 progression, in any given major key, is pick out the 2nd, 5th and 1st scale degree of a particular major scale. The next step is to play the chords that go with those notes. Here are a few examples. The A major scale is spelled A B C# D E F# G#. Pick out the 2nd, 5th and 1st notes in the A major scale. Those notes are B, E, and A. These are the notes on which we will build our 251 progression. If you are in a major key, the 2 chord will always be minor and the 1 and 5 chords will always be major. If you wanted to play these chords with the 7th extensions you would end up with a B minor 7 for the 2 chord, an E dominant 7 for the 5 chord, and an A major 7 for the 1 cord. Try building a 251 in the key of G major. The G major scale is spelled G A B C D E F#. The 2nd, 5th, and 1st scale degrees of the G major scale are A, D, and G. With this in mind, the 251 progression in the key of G major would A minor, D major, and G major. Add the 7th extensions and you would have A minor 7, D dominant 7, and G major 7. Take the chords that you learned in the lesson “Jazz, Common 7th Guitar Chord Voicings” and play these 251 progressions with those shapes. A great exercise would be to write out one major key per day and pick out the 251 in that key. Being familiar with 251 progressions in as many keys as possible will make reading jazz chord charts much easier for you. Identifying 251 progressions quickly can really help you to determine what key your are in so that you can choose what scale to play over a certain part of a song. When you see a minor 7, dominant 7, and a major 7 chord all in a right in a row, odds are that you are looking at a 251. You can look at the 1 chord to determine what key you are in and use that knowledge to decide what scale to play over that part of the song. For example if you saw an A minor 7, D dominant 7, and a G major 7, you would have a 251 in the key of G. Identifying this as a 251 in the key of G would let us know that it would be fine to play a G major scale over these chords.

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What key is jazz usually in?

G, E and A which are probably the most common rock keys. Similarly, the reason jazz is mostly written with flats is because jazz often uses horns and it's easier to play a horn in flat keys because they are transposing instruments (pitched in Bb and Eb).

There’s lots of great answers to the question here, but I would like to add that, it’s the same reason that there are a lot of Rock songs in sharp keys! Why? Because it’s about who is composing the songs. Guitar players generally write rock music and they like to use keys where they have more open strings. It’s simply easier to play with open strings so that’s what they gravitate to. G, E and A which are probably the most common rock keys. Similarly, the reason jazz is mostly written with flats is because jazz often uses horns and it’s easier to play a horn in flat keys because they are transposing instruments (pitched in Bb and Eb). So, as an example, if a song is written in Concert F (one of the most popular keys), then Bb instruments (like trumpet and tenor sax) are playing in the key of G, and a song in the key of Bb would put a horn in the key of C, etc. Those are easy keys to play for horn players so those are the keys that jazz writers tend to gravitate to especially if they’re writing for horns as well as the tradition of flat keys. One of the favorite keys of guitarists is E and that puts a Bb horn player in the key of F#. Not at all a friendly key for most horn players. But, even if you’re a horn player and you are forced to play with guitar based bands you will become more adept at playing in sharp keys. There are some horn players which actually PREFER sharp keys especially for blues based songs because the blues scale adds flats to the key.

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