Piano Guidance
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What happens if you don't tune a piano for years?

If your piano has gone without tuning for an extended period of time, its pitch may have dropped well below standard pitch at which it was designed to perform. It may require a procedure called a "pitch raise"or "pitch correction".

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The recommended minimum for a household piano getting moderate use is tuning once a year. However, there are several factors that may necessitate more frequent tuning; the environment, the mechanical condition of the piano, frequency of use and performance requirements. Variations in the relative humidity is generally the most important criteria in determining how often a piano needs to be tuned. Extreme changes in humidity levels, as occur in the North East, can drastically affect tuning stability. The pianos soundboard, upon which the strings are attached via the bridge, is 3/8" spruce wood. The soundboard will expand and contract with seasonal changes in temperature and humidity and the string tension will fluctuate accordingly. You can reduce the severity of these climatic effects by placing your piano in the room, so that it is away from windows or doors that are opened regularly. Avoid heating and air conditioning vents, fireplaces and areas receiving direct sunlight. Because of these seasonal variations, many piano owners opt for tuning their pianos twice a year, once in the summer and once in the winter. An excellent option for controlling tuning stability and protecting your piano from the harmful affects of excess humidity, is to install a humidity control system inside the piano. (See my detailed answer on this subject below.) The age and mechanical condition of the piano is also an important factor in how frequently a piano needs to be tuned. For new pianos, most manufactures recommend four tunings in the first year to compensate for the elasticity of new piano wire. Pianos with a compromised pin-block (the pin-block is a block of hardwood laminate that holds the tuning pins) can also be a source of tuning instability. In some cases, the pin-block must be repaired or replaced. Cracked bridges are also a source of tuning instability and may need repair. These conditions usually occur in old or neglected pianos. Frequency of use will also determine a pianos ability to stand in tune. Pianos in performance venues or that are used for teaching and serious practice will all need more frequent tuning and service.

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Do concert pianists travel with their piano?

Yes, concert pianists know the piece inside and out, and perform without the printed music. However, they would likely travel with their own part as well as the score.

They however will have the sheets with them.

Where do you get that from?

There's some discussion going on on whether it makes sense or not for a concert pianist (or any other concert instrumentist) to perform without sheets, but the norm is nowadays to play without them. I've never seen a concert pianist perform with sheets, although some exceptions may be made in some cases (very old pianist, or some more informal concert). The only scenario where you see a pianist playing with the sheets is in chamber music or as an accompanying pianist (which is, again, chamber music).

Or do pianists typically know the piece perfectly but have the sheets mainly as a backup just in case?

It depends on the pianist. The pianist certainly isn't reading the sheet live. It is used more for cues and as backup. As per the number of notes played in a single performance: I think it's not representative of the difficulty to memorize music. You can have a section full of chords and ornamentation which adds up to a large number of notes but might be easy to memorize while having some passage which is full of modulations and little variations, with much fewer notes, but which will a lot tougher to memorize. That being said, I don't really know how many notes is the average of a classical concert. For reasons beyond the ones I exposed earlier, too, it would have no meaning to me.

Hope this helps!

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