Piano Guidance
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What causes a shift in personality?

Personality changes can be caused by a mental illness like depression, bipolar disorder, or personality disorders. It may also be caused by physical illnesses like a urinary tract infection (especially in older adults), concussion, or brain tumor. Understanding the cause can help create an effective treatment.

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3. Dementia (including Alzheimer’s disease)

Symptoms

Cognitive decline (not due to delirium or another mental disorder)

Forgetfulness

Restless sleep

Mood changes

Anxiety

Confusion

Irritability

Dementia is a decline in cognitive abilities that affects your short-term memory, reasoning, language, and ability to focus. These deficits interfere with being able to carry out everyday activities. People with dementia often have behavioral and personality changes. They may be sad, anxious, or clingy. Dementia is a progressive disease, which means it gets worse with time. There are three common types of dementia: Alzheimer’s disease . This creates plaques in the brain that cuts off nutrients to brain neurons. It’s the most common form of dementia. It mainly affects older adults, with symptoms often occurring between age 60 to 70. Vascular dementia . In this case, dementia is caused by blocking, narrowing, or damage to blood vessels in the brain, which can occur during a stroke or brain bleed. Frontotemporal dementia. This type of dementia is a progressive loss of nerve cells in the brain’s frontal and temporal lobes. Frontotemporal dementia occurs in people between age 45 to 65. Pro Tip A patient with frontotemporal dementia may say, “My family has been telling me I’m behaving differently. Specifically, that I’ve been saying things to people that I normally wouldn’t say.” A patient with depression who has become withdrawn may say, “I have been feeling down and depressed.” —Dr. Somanath

Treating dementia

While dementia cannot be cured, the symptoms can be temporarily managed with medication, lifestyle and behavioral changes, and social connection and support. Existing medications are somewhat controversial. Talk to your doctor to weigh the benefits and risks of any medications.

4. Urinary tract infection

Symptoms

A urinary tract infection, or UTI, occurs when bacteria invade the urinary system, including the bladder. In older adults, an untreated UTI can cause temporary personality changes such as confusion and agitation. Usually, personality changes caused by a UTI come on suddenly and go away once the UTI is treated.

Treating a UTI

Your doctor will diagnose a UTI by taking a urine sample. A UTI is treated with antibiotics.

5. Post-concussion syndrome

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Symptoms

Headache

Decreased concentration

Memory problems

Fatigue

Irritability

Vision problems

Sleep disturbances

A concussion is a type of brain injury that damages brain cells and affects how your brain functions. This can lead to physical and personality changes. Your symptoms may last for a few days or a month, or they may linger for months or even years. This is called post-concussion syndrome (PCS). There are several types of injuries that can lead to a concussion and PCS, including a car accident, a sports injury, or a fall. Older people are more likely to develop PCS following a concussion.

Treating PCS

Your doctor will diagnose PCS based on your symptom history and, in some cases, brain imaging tests. Treatment depends on the severity of your symptoms and the type of injury you have. Lifestyle changes, such as getting more rest and limiting screen time, are recommended. You may also be referred to a specialist. For example, you may need to see a neurologist if you have problems like lack of concentration and headaches.

6. Brain tumor

Symptoms

Headache

Nausea

Vomiting

Slurred speech

Blurry vision

Confusion

Personality changes

Loss of balance

Seizures

A brain tumor, or mass, is an abnormal growth of tissue in the brain. Many brain tumors are benign, while others are malignant. Some tumors form in the brain, while others occur when a cancer in another part of the body spreads to the brain.

Treating a brain tumor

If your doctor suspects a brain tumor, they will do a neurological exam and order imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI. If the tumor is benign, it may or may not be treated depending on your symptoms. Benign tumors can be removed surgically if necessary. If the tumor is malignant, it must be treated. Your doctor will recommend a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Other possible causes

Several other medical and psychiatric conditions can lead to changes in your personality. These include:

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