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What are the 4 voices of music?

The four main voices are typically labelled as soprano (or treble and countertenor), alto (contralto, countertenor or mezzo), tenor, and bass. Because the human voice has a limited range, different voice types are usually not able to sing pitches that lie outside of their specific range.

en.wikipedia.org - Four-part harmony - Wikipedia
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Music written for four voices or instruments

The term "four-part harmony" refers to music written for four voices, or for some other musical medium—four musical instruments or a single keyboard instrument, for example—for which the various musical parts can give a different note for each chord of the music. The four main voices are typically labelled as soprano (or treble and countertenor),[2] alto (contralto, countertenor or mezzo), tenor, and bass. Because the human voice has a limited range, different voice types are usually not able to sing pitches that lie outside of their specific range.[3] The effort required to perform four-part harmony varies greatly. Pieces written in such a style can be usually executed by a single keyboard player, a group of 4 instruments (or singers), or even a large choir with multiple singers per part.

In European classical music [ edit ]

In the baroque era, a set of rules developed for voice leading in four-part harmony. In these rules, the bass voice would be assigned the root of the chord, although it can occasionally be assigned the fifth or the third. If the chord is a triad, the root is generally doubled by one of the other voices. When two voices are harmonized in perfect intervals (fourths, fifths and octaves), repeats of the same interval between the two voices (also known as moving in parallels) are almost always avoided. Another rule concerns perfect cadences. In such cadences, the leading tone (the seventh scale degree) must resolve step-wise to the tonic. That is, the voice that plays the leading tone must resolve up to the tonic, and if the chord is a dominant seventh chord, the subdominant should resolve to the mediant. Another concern of four-part writing is tessitura. Since the music is usually written for four-part choirs, each part should be able to be sung by the appropriate section of the choir, thus it should remain in the appropriate pitch range. As well as that, each voice should be easy to sing, meaning that large intervals within the same voice are to be avoided, instead favoring step-wise motion. Voices should also not overlap: the pitch sung by the alto should not be higher than that of the soprano, and so on for the other voices. Voices should also remain suitably close to each other, usually within an octave of each adjacent voice, except for the bass. These rules were generally followed during the common practice period. Nowadays, they are usually taught in music theory classes, but most compositions follow less strict rules, if not outright disregarding them.[4][5][6]

See also [ edit ]

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Which is the king of all musical instruments?

the piano If you ask a pianist or composer why the piano is called the King of Instruments, there's a good chance they'll tell you its because of its incredible tonal range and versatility. The piano covers the full spectrum of tones and notes found in all other orchestra instruments.

myriadmusic.net - Why is the Piano Called ""The King of Instruments""? - Myriad Music School

Why is the Piano Called “The King of Instruments”?

Why is the piano called “The King of Instruments”? It probably won’t surprise you to hear that both musicians and composers around the world love the piano. But how did it get such an illustrious nickname?

First off there’s its size and complexity. The average piano has 88 keys, around 230 strings, and over 7,000 parts! That’s why they’re so heavy. Even the smallest pianos weigh around 300lbs, while the largest grand pianos can weigh over 1,000lbs! If you ask a pianist or composer why the piano is called the King of Instruments, there’s a good chance they’ll tell you its because of its incredible tonal range and versatility. The piano covers the full spectrum of tones and notes found in all other orchestra instruments. From the lowest note of the double bassoon, to the top note of the piccolo, the piano can create it. This makes the piano capable of producing melody and accompaniment to any song or instrument. Whether it’s showing up in an orchestral piece, a rock song, or a hip hop track, the piano really works with everything. Finally, there’s the historical factor. The piano was invented in Italy by a man named Bartolomeo di Francesco sometime around the year 1700. He was a harpsichord maker for the Grand Prince of Tuscany. And his official job title? Keeper of the Instruments. So there are some who think that the piano’s nickname descended from that. With it’s incredible range and versatility, and the powerful sounds and emotions it creates, musicians and composers around the world agree that however it got the nickname, the piano is deserving of its title as King of the Instruments.

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