What are the 3 types of melody?

Generally described as: Monophonic one voice/part presents a single melody. ... Heterophonic: Two or more voices/parts elaborate on the same melody simultaneously. Homophonic: principle melody and accompanying harmony. ... Polyphonic: two or more melodies combine into a multi-voiced texture.

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What is considered the most beautiful chord?

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MUSIC OUTLINE

· An important part of the activities of humankind since the beginning of recorded history. · Today music plays a vital and important role in the lives of human beings. · It is found everywhere in our world. · One more stimulus in the vast ocean of stimuli gathered by our senses daily.

Humans use music for many purposes:

· Personal entertainment · Contemplative activities. · Relaxation. · Stimulation. Music has the power to influence psychological aspects of behavior both consciously and unconsciously

- Transmission and Reception of Sound

Three requirements for sound to "occur" in an environment:

· A vibrating source to initiate sound · A medium to transmit sound vibrations throughout the environment - such as air or water. · A receiver to hear or record sound vibrations.

Many varieties of vibrating sources in the World:

· Vocal cords · A membrane of animal hide or synthetic material · A stretched string that is plucked or bowed · Objects such as wood, stone, clay, metal and glass that are struck · Rattling of beads in a small enclosure, · Clapping of hands, singing of birds, grunts and groans of animals · Buzzing of lips in a small resonating tube · Splitting of an air stream · Small pieces of reed attached to a tube and set in motion by the action of human breath · Many, many other natural vibrating sources. · Sound may also be produced artificially by electronic synthesis

Music Elements Notation

Melody

Rhythm

Harmony

Texture

Form

Dynamics

Timbre

NOTATION

·

Written on paper, so that the music may be performed again and again.

·

Music notation system

·

Enjoyment and understanding of most music is not dependent upon the ability to read and interpret written music notation.

MELODY - (Line, Space) Melody—

A succession of single tones or pitches that are perceived to be unified.

Characteristics of Melody:

· Pitch—

The highness or lowness of a tone, depending on the frequency (rate of vibration)

Example: Beethoven, Symphony No. 5 in C minor,

first movement Real Audio: 28K | 56K | About this album

· Interval—

The distance and relationship between two pitches.

Example: Chopin, Prelude in E minor, Op. 28, No. 4 Real Audio: 28K | 56K | About this album

·

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Range—

The distance between the lowest and highest tones of a melody, an instrument, or a voice. (narrow, medium or wide)

· Shape—

The direction a melody takes as it turns upward or downward, or remains static.

· Phrase—

As in language, a unit of meaning within a larger structure; thus, a melody may be divided into component phrases.

· Cadence—

A resting place in a musical phrase-musical punctuation.

· Countermelody—

An accompanying melody playing against the principal melody.

Example: Sousa, The Stars and Stripes Forever, Trio Real Audio: 28K | 56K | About this album

Rhythm— The element of time in music.

Characteristics of Rhythm:

· Beat—

Regular pulsation; a basic unit of length in musical time.

Example: Haydn, Symphony No. 94 (Surprise), third movement Real Audio: 28K | 56K | About this album

· Accent—

Emphasis on a note, so that it is louder or longer than another.

·

Tempo— The rate of speed or pace of the musical pulse.

(grave, largo, adagio, andante, allegro, vivace)

· Measure—

A rhythmic group or unit that contains a fixed number of beats, divided on the musical staff by bar lines.

· Meter—

The grouping of beats into larger, regular patterns, notated as measures.

· Upbeat—

The last beat of a measure, a weak beat, which anticipates the downbeat, the first beat of the next measure.

· Downbeat—

The first beat of a measure, the strongest in any meter.

· Syncopation—

Deliberate upsetting of the meter or pulse through a temporary shifting of the accent to a weak beat, or an offbeat.

Polyrhythmic - The simultaneous use of several rhythmic patterns or meters.

· Nonmetric—

Music lacking a strong sense of beat or meter.

HARMONY - (Balance)

Harmony — The simultaneous combination of notes and the ensuing relationships of intervals and chords.

Example: Mozart, Piano Concerto in C major, K. 467,

second movement Real Audio: 28K | 56K | About this album

Characteristics of Harmony:

· Chord — Simultaneous combination of tones (typically three or more) that constitute a single block of harmony. Example: Chopin, Prelude in E minor, Op. 28, No. 4 Real Audio: 28K | 56K | About this album · Scale — A series of tones or pitches in ascending or descending order. · Tonality — The principal of organizing a work around a central tonic, or home pitch, based on a major or minor scale. Tonic

Diatonic

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Chromatic Consonance Dissonance Drone

TEXTURE - (Texture)

Texture —The interweaving of melodic (horizontal) and harmonic elements in the musical fabric.

Generally described as:

FORM - (Shape, Form)

Form— The structure or shape of a musical work, based on repetition, contrast, and variation; the organizing principle of music.

Characteristics of Form:

· Repetition—

Within a form, repetition fixes the material in our mind and satisfies our need for the familiar; it provides unity to a form. (Pattern) Example: Saint-Saëns, Carnival of the Animals, "Fossils" Real Audio: 28K | 56K | About this album

· Contrast—

Within a form, contrast sustains our interest and feeds our love of change. (Variety)

· Variation—

A principle in which some aspects of the music are altered but still recognizable. Example: Haydn, Symphony No. 94 (Surprise), second movement Real Audio: 28K | 56K | About this album Repetition , variation, and contrast are the foundational procedures on which music composition rests. · Theme— A melodic idea used as a basic building block in the construction of a composition. There are a variety of ways to create thematic development (motive, sequence, ostinato). Motive—A small, thematic fragment that constitutes a melodic-rhythmic unit. Sequence— A restatement of an idea at a higher or lower pitch level. Ostinato— A short musical pattern – melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic- that is repeated persistently throughout a work or major section of a composition. In this example, a short (four-note) descending pattern in the bass is heard throughout under the voices.

Example: Monteverdi: Lament of the Nymphs

Real Audio: 28K | 56K | About this album

DYNAMICS - (Emphasis, Subordination, Value) Dynamics—

Designations for the relative loudness or quietness of music.

· Pianissimo, Piano, Mezzo-piano, Forte, Fortissimo · Crescendo— The dynamic effect of gradually growing louder · Decrescendo— The dynamic effect of gradually growing softer. · Sforzando — A sudden stress or accent on a single note or chord. Example: Tchaikovsky, The Nutcracker, "Trepak" Real Audio: 28K | 56K | About this album

TIMBRE - (Color) Timbre—

The quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another. Also called "tone color."

uwgb.edu - MUSIC OUTLINE

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