What are the 5 hard woods?

The hardest commercially available hardwood is hickory, and it is five times harder than aspen, one of the “soft” hardwoods. ... Janka Rating System. Species Pressure To Mar Hard Maple 1,450 White Oak 1,360 Beech 1,300 Red Oak 1,290 16 more rows

hardwoodinfo.com - Types of Wood - American Hardwood Information Center

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Wood products are known for their natural beauty, but when selecting a type of wood for your next cabinetry, flooring, furniture or millwork project, it is important to also consider the level of durability by understanding the difference between wood types. Each type and species of wood has an individual cellular structure that creates unique physical properties that determine suitability for different uses. For example, the hardness of woods varies widely, so certain hardwood species are not recommended for flooring because they are not hard enough to withstand heavy wear and tear. The following offers a brief comparison of American hardwoods, softwoods and often misused tropical hardwoods and their appropriate applications: Hardwoods are deciduous trees that have broad leaves, produce a fruit or nut and generally go dormant in the winter. North America’s forests grow hundreds of varieties that thrive in temperate climates, including oak, ash, cherry, maple and poplar species. Each species can be crafted into durable, long-lasting furniture, cabinetry, flooring and millwork, and each offers unique markings with variation in grain pattern, texture and color. Softwoods or conifers, from the Latin word meaning “cone-bearing,” have needles rather than leaves. Widely available U.S. softwood trees include cedar, fir, hemlock, pine, redwood and spruce. In a home, softwoods primarily are used as structural lumber such as 2x4s and 2x6s, with limited decorative applications. Tropical Hardwoods, including mahogany, rosewood, teak and wenge - are not native to North America. They grow in the tropical forests of the world and must be imported for domestic use. While some tropical hardwoods can be used for interior applications, including flooring, the color, grain pattern, hardness and luster of many imported woods differ from those of American hardwoods. For more information on non-native species, refer to the “Don’t be fooled” article.

Janka Rating System

When in doubt about the type of wood to select for your cabinetry, flooring, furniture or millwork project, refer to the Janka Rating System, which measures the relative hardness of woods. The hardest commercially available hardwood is hickory, and it is five times harder than aspen, one of the “soft” hardwoods. And while this example lists just some of the most popular hardwood species, there are hundreds of varieties, representing the North American hardwood population. Because hardness is an important factor, and hardness varies for each species, the Janka Scale of Hardness is an excellent tool to help identify appropriate choices.

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What is the hardest English wood?

When dried, ash is one of the hardest native species available in the UK. Historically it was used for tool handles and frame machinery.

stephenfinch.co.uk - Native Hardwoods - Stephen Finch Furniture Maker

Oak

Native/British or European oak

i. Sessile or durmast oak ii. Pedunculate oak

i. Quercus sessiliflora or petraeaii. Quercus robur/pendunculata.

Family: Fagaceae

A firm traditional favourite, oak is generally straight grained with a course texture. Native oak tends to be less straight and more characterful than European oak - partly due to growing conditions and forestry practises. Oak tends to have a uniform coloration, ranging from light tan to medium brown. When cut 'quarter sawn', the surface of the wood shows the attractive silvery figure of the medullary rays inherent in oak. Pippy and burr oak are common characteristics of native oak and can vary from light to heavy coverage. Rustic oak is a catch-all term to describe wood with lots of knots, splits and wild grain - these defects give real character to the wood and when used correctly can look stunning. Brown and tiger oak refer to wood that has been attacked by beefsteak fungus, which causes the wood to turn a darker brown. The darkest oak is fumed oak which is produced by fuming the wood with ammonia. The ammonia reacts with the tannin in oak and turns the wood a dark chocolate brown colour. Oak is a traditional timber that everyone is familiar with and it sits in the middle of the native wood colour spectrum. Is is darker than birch and sycamore, but lighter that elm and fumed oak. Due to its familiarity it’s sometimes regarded as being a bit ‘safe’, but the variety of grades and characteristics available in native oak ensure that it is never a boring choice. Oak is a good timber to work with although it is prone to splitting and surface checking.

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