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Is owning fossils illegal?

The US federal land laws forbid any collection of vertebrate fossils without an institutional permit, but allow hobby collection of common invertebrate and plant fossils on most federal land , and even commercial collection of petrified wood.

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It's Not Illegal to Find, Keep & Buy Certain Fossils (Without Being a Paleontologist), But There Are Plenty of Rules & Limitations

UPDATED: April 13, 2020.

I've had a few people ask me if I collect and drill my own stones, or if my dinosaur fossils are from Alberta. The answer is no - and there are good (legal) reasons for that. Recently, someone also asked me about the laws regarding the collection, ownership and sale of fossils in general. My first thought was, that question could be an LL.M. thesis, given how diverse and complex the specifics can be! Since I am not up to writing a second LL.M. in this lifetime, I hoped that someone had beaten me to it, but unfortunately all I could find is a book from 1997, limited to United States' laws only, and somewhat out of date (fortunately, the book is being rewritten to include international information). Many smaller articles are even more narrowly focused, and many of them are not publicly available online. There is one partial list of statutes, government websites and articles here, but the material is very incomplete, and in some instances not annotated or otherwise explained. So, here is my broad overview of fossil law around the world; I hope to expand on the various sub-topics in future posts. Special attention will be paid to Alberta law. Disclaimer: you cannot rely on any of this article as legal advice. Specific laws can change, and may also have exceptions not discussed in detail here. The main goal of this piece is to lay out the various angles you need to consider regarding the collection and use of fossil material. It should provide a good jumping-off point, but cannot possibly cover everything you might need to know. Consult an expert where necessary!

Collecting Fossils: Myriad Factors To Be Aware Of

The laws covering whether or not you can retrieve, dig for, keep or sell any particular fossil vary widely, due to many different distinctions. The following are some of the most important topics that come into play when comparing the different laws governing different fossils. Jurisdiction - Each country, and region within a country, may have entirely different laws from its neighbours. Reasons for the variations are numerous: the local legal traditions (e.g., common law vs. civil code jurisdictions), cultural and historical values, and of course, the type and abundance of fossils found in the country/region. The United States nicely encapsulates most of the legal fossil extremes within its borders. The laws vary from no restrictions at all on private land (where all fossils may be excavated and sold legally), while marking many federal parks and preserves completely off-limits to private and casual collection. In addition, each state's laws differ in regards to collection on state land.

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Can you still sell antique ivory?

Despite a 23-year ban on international trade in ivory, many people still own pieces that have been legally passed down through their family. Antique broker David Harper explained to BBC Radio 4's Today programme that while it is within the law to own ivory, it "is illegal to sell" anything created or carved after 1947.

Despite a 23-year ban on international trade in ivory, many people still own pieces that have been legally passed down through their family. Antique broker David Harper explained to BBC Radio 4's Today programme that while it is within the law to own ivory, it "is illegal to sell" anything created or carved after 1947. He added that owners have to prove the date of their piece before it can be sold, but "most things carved... in the early 20th century" are unlikely to be of great value.

First broadcast on BBC Radio 4's Today programme on Thursday 13 February.

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