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Is Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata homophonic?

Its texture is homophonic because the chords accompany the dominating melody. There are elements of the work that are very enjoyable. The song was written and dedicated to Countess Giulietta Guicciardi, a student of Beethoven.

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Ludwig van Beethoven was born December 16th, 1770 in Bonn, Germany. His early training came from his father and local musicians when he was young. He earned money as a teenager working as an assistant to his teacher then was given half of his father’s salary from court musician to care for his younger brothers as his father became an alcoholic. He played viola in orchestras and began to take on commission from compositions. As a member of the court chapel orchestra, he traveled and met members of nobility. Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792 to study with Franz Joseph Haydn whose humor helped form Beethoven’s style despite their rocky relationship. He began a composer and pianist career in 1794 and around 1800 began to notice his gradual deafness. Beethoven had antisocial tendencies and in his later years was plagued by personal problems including many failed romances and a custody battle over a nephew. He had a period of compositional inactivity from about 1811-1817 then came back. His later works contained an exciting quality in which many have found magical significance. The piece was originally called “Quasi una fantasia” which translates to “almost a fantasy” but was renamed “Moonlight Sonata” after Beethoven’s death by Ludwig Rellstab as the song reminded him of reflected moonlight off Lake Lucerne. Today it remains the title. One stylistic feature of the piece includes its rapid progressions. The sonata does not follow the traditional movement arrangement of fast-slow-fast-fast. Instead, it’s first two movements are slower and the third movement picks up rapidly. The writing has many fast arpeggios and strongly accented notes along with some quiet and weaker notes. The piece overall is terraced dynamics because the first two movements don’t gradually work into the rapid progressions of the third movement. The mood in the song changes from slow and sad sounding to fast and upbeat. It contains a variety of melodies and rhythms and the tone color sticks to only the piano. The crescendos and decrescendos are not predictable in the piece because the transition between versus is not smooth. Its texture is homophonic because the chords accompany the dominating melody. There are elements of the work that are very enjoyable. The song was written and dedicated to Countess Giulietta Guicciardi, a student of Beethoven. Soon after their first few lessons, the two fell in love and he proposed to her. Although she was willing to accept Beethoven’s proposal, forbiddance by one of her parents prevented her from marrying him. That information makes one look at the song in a different way of how it conveys emotion and makes it more personal and easier to connect to. The third movement was definitely the most enjoyable because of its mystery and fast progressions. The first two movements do not prepare the listener for what happens in the third movement. The piece is also very interesting to watch as it is being performed.

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How fast should I play Moonlight Sonata?

How fast? I'd say 90-110 beats per minute. To my ear, the contour of the entire piece becomes stronger, the melody assumes its rightful place, and rubati become more effective.

Post by jbuck919 » Sat Sep 30, 2006 3:48 pm

Welcome here and keep posting. Your first question is much harder than it seems. I would almost rather deal with issues of nuclear proliferation on the Pub. But, deep breath, and here I go. Most great classics suggest their own tempo, within a frame of reference, which is often not known historically. In other words, it is a matter of educated instinct. It helps to have had a teacher like my dear old Mrs. Troidle (I am not making that up--that was actually her name).

I have never known a performance of the first movement of the Moonlight Sonata to be taken at an inappropriate tempo, and I don't think it should be rushed. I am not exactly sure where you are coming from, but it is possible you have heard "dragged" performances, which would simply be unidiomatic. Who can tell?

The last movement, BTW, should be taken like a bat out of hell, no holds barred.

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