How does schizophrenia start out?

The exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown. Research suggests a combination of physical, genetic, psychological and environmental factors can make a person more likely to develop the condition. Some people may be prone to schizophrenia, and a stressful or emotional life event might trigger a psychotic episode.

nhs.uk - Causes - Schizophrenia - NHS

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Some people may be prone to schizophrenia, and a stressful or emotional life event might trigger a psychotic episode. However, it's not known why some people develop symptoms while others do not. The exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown. Research suggests a combination of physical, genetic, psychological and environmental factors can make a person more likely to develop the condition.

Increased risk

Genetics

Schizophrenia tends to run in families, but no single gene is thought to be responsible. It's more likely that different combinations of genes make people more vulnerable to the condition. However, having these genes does not necessarily mean you'll develop schizophrenia. Evidence that the disorder is partly inherited comes from studies of twins. Identical twins share the same genes. In identical twins, if a twin develops schizophrenia, the other twin has a 1 in 2 chance of developing it, too. This is true even if they're raised separately. In non-identical twins, who have different genetic make-ups, when a twin develops schizophrenia, the other only has a 1 in 8 chance of developing the condition. While this is higher than in the general population, where the chance is about 1 in 100, it suggests genes are not the only factor influencing the development of schizophrenia.

Brain development

Studies of people with schizophrenia have shown there are subtle differences in the structure of their brains. These changes are not seen in everyone with schizophrenia and can occur in people who do not have a mental illness. But they suggest schizophrenia may partly be a disorder of the brain.

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry messages between brain cells.

There's a connection between neurotransmitters and schizophrenia because drugs that alter the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain are known to relieve some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Research suggests schizophrenia may be caused by a change in the level of 2 neurotransmitters: dopamine and serotonin. Some studies indicate an imbalance between the 2 may be the basis of the problem. Others have found a change in the body's sensitivity to the neurotransmitters is part of the cause of schizophrenia.

Pregnancy and birth complications

Research has shown people who develop schizophrenia are more likely to have experienced complications before and during their birth, such as:

a low birthweight

premature labour

a lack of oxygen (asphyxia) during birth

It may be that these things have a subtle effect on brain development.

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hear-it.org - Prejudices | hear-it.org

There is much prejudices on hearing-impaired people and hearing impairment. The following examples include some of the most common: Almost all hearing-impaired people are old people. Not true. About half of all hearing-impaired people are in their working age or are young people. Hearing-impaired people are less intelligent than people with normal hearing. Not true. There is no connection between hearing impairment and intelligence. Hearing-impaired people are just as intelligent as all other people. Hearing-impaired people are almost always mentally ill. Not true. You are not mentally ill if you suffer from hearing loss. But, psychologically, it is a hard job to be hard of hearing! Hard of hearing people hear what they want to hear. Not true. Hearing impairment is not equal to selective hearing. The ability to hear depends on the degree and kind of hearing loss and the conditions and surroundings for the hearing situation. Using hearing aids helps, but they do not restore the hearing to normal. If hearing-impaired people cannot hear, they just have to wear hearing aids or turn up the volume. Not true. It is not that simple and even though hearing aids do help, they do not make your hearing normal. The Royal National Institute for Deaf People in the UK, RNID, found in a survey that 59 per cent of deaf people and those who are hard of hearing think that people with normal hearing think they are stupid.

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