How does music help with cognitive development?

Your Child's Brain on Music We know from a number of recent and older studies, that the act of making music facilitates high levels of cognitive function, including complex problem solving, logical reasoning, as well as conceptual tasks. Research has shown that musicians have highly developed memory systems.

museacademybk.com - Music and Cognitive Development

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Becoming fluent and expressive in the language of music requires nothing more than exposure and passionate guidance. The great jazz musician John Coltrane stated that his most formative music influence outside family was his high school music teacher. In North Carolina, at the height of the enforced segregation of the Jim Crow era, a single superb teacher stood out and changed both his life and the course of music history. The notion that a child must be exceptionally intelligent or super talented to take part in music activities is a myth. Randomized neuroscience studies have shown that the positive effects of music instruction impact everyone, regardless of skill level. The key factors are consistency in exposure, and excellence in teaching. With regular, high quality music instruction, every human being can experience the cognitive, emotional, and creative benefits of music in their lives.

America Lags Behind Other Developed Countries Academically, and in Music Instruction – Coincidence?

It is well known that the United States lags far behind other developed nations in math, science and reading. One of the biggest cross-national tests is the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), which every three years measures reading ability, math and science literacy and other key skills among 15-year-olds in many countries. The most recent PISA results, (2015), placed the U.S. at an unimpressive 38th out of 71 countries in math and 24th in science. A survey of members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science found that just 16% called the U.S. K-12 STEM education “above average.” Lack of a consistent and high quality music education curriculum at most American schools may be a contributing cause to lagging test scores. Arts Education has a spotty history within American secondary schools. The benefits of such education are well recognized and documented. But while there are clearly established mandates in New York State Education Law requiring that students in grades 7-12 receive core arts instruction taught by certified teachers, a report by the NYC Comptroller noted that “the provision of arts education in New York City’s public schools has become both inequitable and underfunded. Instruction in visual arts, music, dance and theater has been weakened by over a decade of disinvestment and disincentives and a school accountability system – based on federal and state priorities – that fails to fully recognize the value of comprehensive arts education.” An astounding 25% percent of NYC high schools, 24% of middle schools and 9% of elementary schools in New York City lack partnerships with any arts and cultural organizations whatsoever—and this, in a city that boasts some of the world’s premier performing organizations, creative artists, and venues. Predictably, many of these schools are in low-income areas. A 2012 NEA report showed that high levels of arts engagement by the lowest socioeconomic quarter of students corresponds with a greater numbers of students who complete high school calculus, exercise their right to vote, do volunteer work, earn a Bachelor's degree, and choose a professional career path. Still, when schools face budget challenges it is very often the subjects that are labeled as “extracurricular activities” or “specials” like music that first come under the budget-cutting knife. It is interesting that nations whose students consistently outperform the United States in math, reading, and sciences — for example Singapore, China, and Finland — are the countries where music has a central place in the curriculum. Frank Hodsoll, Chairman of the National Endowment of the Arts noted that in grades 1-6, the Japanese require two class periods per week of music, including singing, instrumental performance, and appreciation of both western and Japanese music. In several highly ranked European countries such as Finland, intense music instruction (up to four hours per week) is compulsory throughout the first eight years of schooling.

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So Why Study Music?

While the correlation between musical instruction and academic performance has been well established, recent advances in brain imaging now enable us to validate that making music alters the fundamental structure of young brains. Consistent engagement beginning in preschool with music strengthens, memory, facilitates language acquisition, enhances spatial and mathematical learning, and provides an edge in solving complex problems. There is a direct correlation between music engagement and increased high school graduation rates, and even a connection between music study and higher income levels. Just as significantly, the study of music fosters social and emotional learning that are just as important – if not more critical - to life success as academic achievement. Music helps us express and moderate our emotions, soothes us in times of stress and trouble, helps regulate energy and arousal levels, and gives us inestimable skills for navigating that thorny world of peer interaction. Even in utero, the fetus is immersed in a world of sound, breath, and heartbeat, of rhythm and vibration! Imagine how the fabric of our country would change, if the students currently denied the opportunity for first-rate music education had access to it. One would expect to see not only stronger academic outcomes, but also, better citizens, with young people more socially and civically engaged, in full possession of the remarkable and fundamental ability to express themselves through sound, with passion and eloquence.

What are we waiting for?

Deborah Bradley-Kramer, Ph.D was the founding Head of School and Director of Music and Arts, of the MUSE Academy at the Brooklyn Music School and a Lecturer in Music at Columbia University.

museacademybk.com - Music and Cognitive Development

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