Piano Guidance
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How do you remember music keys?

A mnemonic that works forward and backward is “Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle,” which reversed is “Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father.” A helpful learning device to remember the order of keys in relation to the order of sharps and flats is the circle of fifths .

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A key signature is placed at the beginning of a piece (or the beginning of a section) and is written with the clef on the beginning of each line of music. The key signature reminds the performer which sharps or flats are in the scale (or key) of the piece and prevents the composer or arranger from writing every sharp or flat from the scale every time it occurs.

Figure 2.3.1 . "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" in D major

There are 15 major key signatures. The key of C major has no sharps or flats in the key signature. The other key signatures can have between 1 to 7 sharps and 1 to 7 flats, giving us the other 14 key signatures.

Figure 2.3.2 . Major Key Signatures using Sharps

Figure 2.3.3 . Major Key Signatures using Flats

It is important to memorize the order of sharps and flats, since you will be writing key signatures regularly. The order of sharps is ( ext{F})–( ext{C})–( ext{G})–( ext{D})–( ext{A})–( ext{E})–( ext{B}), often remembered by a mnemonic. One common mnemonic for the order of sharps is “Fast Cars Go Dangerously Around Every Bend.” The order of flats is ( ext{B})–( ext{E})–( ext{A})–( ext{D})–( ext{G})–( ext{C})–( ext{F}). It is the reverse of the order of sharps. It is easy to remember since the first four letters make the word BEAD, and GCF is something most students learn as “Greatest Common Factor” when studying math in elementary school. A mnemonic that works forward and backward is “Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle,” which reversed is “Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles’ Father.” A helpful learning device to remember the order of keys in relation to the order of sharps and flats is the circle of fifths . As you ascend in fifths (clockwise), key signatures get one degree “sharper.” (( ext{C}) to ( ext{G}) is a fifth because ( ext{C})=1, ( ext{D})=2, ( ext{E})=3, ( ext{F})=4, and ( ext{G})=5.) As you descend in fifths (counterclockwise), key signatures get one degree “flatter.”

Figure 2.3.4 . Circle of Fifths for Major Keys

Note the overlapping keys at the bottom of the circle. ( ext{B}) major is enharmonically the same as ( ext{C}^♭) major, ( ext{F}^♯) major is enharmonically the same as ( ext{G}^♭) major, and ( ext{C}^♯) major is enharmonically the same as ( ext{D}^♭) major.

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How long does it take to learn how do you switch chords?

most basic chords, the changes should come in a day or two depending on how hard you practice. some fingerings i still have problems with because i may use a different fingering that feels more comfortable for me. mostly though, it all boils down to practice.

Yeah, chords can get nasty, especially when playing jazz. My best tip to you is to:1) try different fingerings of the chords. Any given chord can be played a million different ways2)make sure you're warmed up first. I have really, really thin fingers, and blood circulation issues. That means that during the winter, I HAVE to play in a warm room and spend half an hour warming up. Cold fingers = choppy playing.3) when you practice the chords, do them SLOWLY. Ignore the rhythm of the song. Focus on making the chord changes correctly, and on your own time. Then start building up the speed of your chord changes. In fact, you can even use a metronome. Pick a comfortable speed, and change your chord every four beats. Then slowly build up your speed. Make sure you get a clean sound each time. Trust me, it's easier to do it murderously slow and get it right, than to do it fast and have to unlearn mistakes.Break it up into 10-15 minute bits. Practice the chord changes for 10-15 minutes, then move onto something else. Come back to the chord changes a little bit later. You'll have them down like silk in no time. :)My biggest challenge to date has been this chord change:Am7 -> Bm7 b5 -> Em7 b5From the song "Black Orpheus." I spent a good week learning that chord change. :POh, and another little cheater's trick: Sometimes if you throw in a little bass line from one chord to another, it gives you a chance to get all your fingers in place. Try doing a chromatic walkdown from the bass note of one chord to another to get you in place.One big example is

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