Piano Guidance
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How do you read piano music?

Notes can sit on a line or in a space. The height of the note determines the pitch. A higher line means a higher pitch, so moving up the stave represents moving right along the keyboard. We add ledger lines above or below the staff if a note is higher or lower than the 5 staff lines.

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We challenge you to find a pianist who learned to read music and regretted it. But there are plenty who wish they had learned earlier. Like any language, you can get by without taking the time to read or write, especially in the beginning. In the long term, however, being able to read music holds a range of benefits, and you limit yourself without them. It’s quicker than you think. This isn’t strictly a “good thing”. But if the only downside to learning is time and effort, it’s worth stressing that it doesn’t take that long. Notation may look like lines and dots on a page right now, but you will be reading and playing your first piece of music in no time. Work systematically, gradually build up knowledge of new notation, and you will be surprised how quickly you understand literally everything. Sight reading. This is the ability to read a piece of music for the first time and play as you go, as easy as reading this sentence out loud. It takes time and practice, but eventually if you have the written music, you can play it. Since written music is widely available online, learning to sight read music gives you the ability to immediately play practically anything. Reading removes doubt. Your “musical ear” develops naturally over time. But learning by ear alone requires training to identify notes, intervals and chords at an advanced level. This is a powerful skill, but even pianists who spent years developing their ear will have difficulty sometimes. It is especially tough to identify one note among many, or a rapid succession. Say you hear a piece of music and you want to learn how to play it. If you can’t read music, you need to slow it down, play over and over, and still be unsure if you have heard it correctly. If you read the music, you will know instantly what the notes are and how they are supposed to be played, ready to get on with it.

A permanent memory aid. Playing by ear means remembering everything you ever decided to learn. Written music offers a record of anything you have ever learned, or plan to learn. If you don’t have a perfect memory, you can develop your own notation. But when there is a universal language already in place, why bother?

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No boundaries. Just because you know how the composer intended it to be played, it doesn’t limit you to playing it in this way. You need to know the rules before you can break the rules. Duke Ellington created jazz masterpieces based on Grieg’s Peer Gynt and Tchaikovsky’s Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy. But first he was note-perfect on the originals, which meant studying and building upon the composer’s written music.

An alternative approach - Chord notation

Genres like pop or jazz are often less specific about what the backing instruments play, so full staff notation offers unnecessary detail. Instead, musicians just need to follow a sequence of chords. A chord is a set of notes that creates a specific harmony, with a naming system that tells you which notes to include. Chord notation usually appears in chord charts, which give chord changes and sometimes add rhythmic notation. This is useful if you plan to play in bands, jazz or otherwise. If you go this route, we recommend that you still learn staff notation. Understanding both gives you flexibility, and allows you to use variations like lead sheets. These give the lyrics and melody in staff notation, but also gives the chord changes for a lead performer to follow.

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