How can you tell the difference between ivory and celluloid?

Bakelite can be heavy like genuine ivory, but celluloid is noticeably light and translucent. If you press a hot needle to the plastics it will press in easily and smell like chemicals rather than bone. For a less destructive test test, you can put the item under hot water and get the same chemical smell.

davidcycleback.com - Ivory, bone and fake ivory | Looking at Artifacts and Ideas - David Cycleback

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Ivory is a traditional and valuable material that comes from from the tusks or tooths of elephants, hippopotamus, narwal whales, wild boars a a few other animals. Since ancient times, ivory has been used to make figures, buttons, combs, chess boards and more. Genuine ivory has long been a challenge to identify, as similar looking items have been made out of bone, vintage plastics, ceramics and nuts. The following is a quick look at telling the difference between ivory and it’s fake counterparts. Ivory. Ivory is heavy and cold to the touch when you put it to your cheek. It will usually have ” Schreger lines.” These lines may be cross hatching or in circular rings. If you do the so called ‘hot needle’ test and press the tip of a hot needle to ivory surface, it will not press in and may slightly smell of bone. Bone. Bone will not have the Schreger lines, but will have brown or black pores. The brown or black is from the accumulation of dirt. If you press a hot needle to it, it may smoke and will smell of bone. Plastic ivory. The most common antique plastic versions of ivory are from bakelite and celluloid. Bakelite can be heavy like genuine ivory, but celluloid is noticeably light and translucent. If you press a hot needle to the plastics it will press in easily and smell like chemicals rather than bone. For a less destructive test test, you can put the item under hot water and get the same chemical smell. French ivory and ivoryide are names for celluloid ivory. Vegetable ivory. Vegetable ivory is carved from a very hard Tagua nut of South America, and was commonly used to make little figures and buttons. It will have a pattern similar to Shreger lines. The husk of the nut is dark brown and often is part of the carving. The hot needle test will produce the smell of burning walnut shells.

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Are Steinway pianos made of ivory?

High quality plastic replaced the elephant ivory, which is not only superior to ivory (plastic does not yellow, nor does it crack or curl), but it also allows Steinway piano owners conscientious, cruelty free enjoyment of their instruments.

ilovesteinway.com - Steinway Parts: Keys and Keyboard

Piano Keys / The Steinway Piano Keyboard

The modern Steinway piano keyboard is in many ways much the same as it's been since the 19th century. This is a good thing in that Steinway's technological innovations were sound and strong from the beginning. But some changes were made during the 20th century. The piano action has been improved and patented. With this, the lead weights inside the keys were given more meticulous and exact placement. This refinement of the keyboard gives the piano technician and piano restoration specialist the ability to adjust each key in relation to every other. The result is tangible, offering a smooth, exquisite balance across the entire keyboard. Another important 20th century change relating to keys and keyboard is that Steinway started using high quality plastic for the key covers (rather than elephant ivory). This animal friendly innovation was both practical, envrionmentally responsible and ahead of its time (see right sidebar). To test the action and the keyboard, Steinway introduced a mechanized device which hits each and every key thousands of times, both to test the key's bounce and flexibility, and to season and indurate the hammer felts before shipment.

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Why HashMap is better than ArrayList?

HashMap allows duplicate values but does not allow duplicate keys. The ArrayList always gives O(1) performance in best case or worst-case time...

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