How can you tell Bakelite from ivory?

Bakelite can be heavy like genuine ivory, but celluloid is noticeably light and translucent. If you press a hot needle to the plastics it will press in easily and smell like chemicals rather than bone. For a less destructive test test, you can put the item under hot water and get the same chemical smell.

davidcycleback.com - Ivory, bone and fake ivory | Looking at Artifacts and Ideas - David Cycleback

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Ivory is a traditional and valuable material that comes from from the tusks or tooths of elephants, hippopotamus, narwal whales, wild boars a a few other animals. Since ancient times, ivory has been used to make figures, buttons, combs, chess boards and more. Genuine ivory has long been a challenge to identify, as similar looking items have been made out of bone, vintage plastics, ceramics and nuts. The following is a quick look at telling the difference between ivory and it’s fake counterparts. Ivory. Ivory is heavy and cold to the touch when you put it to your cheek. It will usually have ” Schreger lines.” These lines may be cross hatching or in circular rings. If you do the so called ‘hot needle’ test and press the tip of a hot needle to ivory surface, it will not press in and may slightly smell of bone. Bone. Bone will not have the Schreger lines, but will have brown or black pores. The brown or black is from the accumulation of dirt. If you press a hot needle to it, it may smoke and will smell of bone. Plastic ivory. The most common antique plastic versions of ivory are from bakelite and celluloid. Bakelite can be heavy like genuine ivory, but celluloid is noticeably light and translucent. If you press a hot needle to the plastics it will press in easily and smell like chemicals rather than bone. For a less destructive test test, you can put the item under hot water and get the same chemical smell. French ivory and ivoryide are names for celluloid ivory. Vegetable ivory. Vegetable ivory is carved from a very hard Tagua nut of South America, and was commonly used to make little figures and buttons. It will have a pattern similar to Shreger lines. The husk of the nut is dark brown and often is part of the carving. The hot needle test will produce the smell of burning walnut shells.

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Do the Black Keys have two names?

Black keys to the left of a white key are lowered in pitch and have a flat symbol for an accidental. Black keys, therefore, actually have two possible names depending on whether you are raising or lowering the white key pitch. This is called enharmonic spelling.

people.vcu.edu - Keyboard - Intro

The piano is an indispensable tool for musicians and is particularly useful for visualizing theoretical concepts. I strongly encourage all of you to acquire as much keyboard facility as possible and to use this tool to help learn and reinforce the material presented in your theory classes. The piano keyboard consists of white and black keys. Notice that the black keys are grouped in two's and three's and the white keys play the notes A-G. The most commonly used reference note is C which can be located just to the left of the group of two black keys. The black keys play pitches halfway between the white keys on either side. Black keys to the right of a white key sound higher and those to the left, lower. The names of the black keys are derived from their neighboring white keys. Black keys to the right of a white key are raised in pitch and have an additional symbol called an accidental which, for raised notes, is a sharp. Black keys to the left of a white key are lowered in pitch and have a flat symbol for an accidental. Black keys, therefore, actually have two possible names depending on whether you are raising or lowering the white key pitch. This is called enharmonic spelling. What would the two names for the following notes be? (Roll your mouse pointer over the keyboard to see the answers.)

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