Does melatonin help with shifting?

Taking melatonin will do two things: First, it will help shift the timing of the circadian clock to help you manage shift work better. Second, it will help you sleep when you are transitioning between work shifts by telling the brain to sleep at a different time than normal.

timeshifter.com - Melatonin for shift work - The correct type, dose & timing | Timeshifter®

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Melatonin pills can help regulate the circadian clock by shifting the timing of internal rhythms. Receptors for melatonin are located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the location of the circadian pacemaker, and can reset the rhythms generated by the pacemaker. In someone not working shifts, melatonin taken in the evening will shift the clock earlier (a phase advance) whereas melatonin taken in the morning will shift the clock later (a phase delay). Taking melatonin at the right time for the required shift will help reset the clock more quickly to new work shifts. Melatonin can also help reset the clock indirectly through its influence on sleep, and therefore light-dark exposure. Melatonin pills can promote sleep when you are not releasing your own melatonin and this will in turn affect your light-dark exposure (as closing your eyes to sleep will reduce the amount of light reaching the retinae and therefore the circadian clock). These combined effects of melatonin, when timed properly, will help reset the clock and manage your sleep and alertness better.

What type and dosage of melatonin should I use for shift work?

With a fast release preparation, the dose used is usually 1-3mg when indicated for resetting the clock (slow release formulations are available but they may stay in the system too long and confuse the circadian clock). Doses above 0.5mg usually give blood levels of melatonin much higher than the normal physiological night time rise. As melatonin is considered a food supplement in the USA, the manufacture and sale of melatonin are less controlled than prescription drugs, so there may be considerable variation in the quality and melatonin dose across products. It's also often sold combined with other substances, such as Valerian or St John's Wort. If you choose to buy a food supplement version of melatonin, use a ‘melatonin-only' product, without additional substances, and buy it from a reputable pharmacy (they often have their own label preparations). A fast-release pill form is likely to provide a more reliable dose than melatonin-containing drinks or sprays. There's no evidence that products high in tryptophan, from which melatonin is synthesized, or melatonin such as cherry juice, can help shift the circadian clock.

When should I take melatonin?

The timing of melatonin administration is dependent on many factors, including the resetting effects required, the time of work shifts, chronotype, and desired sleep time. There are also times when melatonin should not be taken if it could increase the risk of undesired drowsiness (i.e. while driving). There is no simple rule of thumb for when to take melatonin when you are a shift worker. Timeshifter’s shift work app provides highly personalized information based on user preferences and shift work schedule about when to take melatonin, if the user chooses to. Taking melatonin as suggested by the app will be helpful but is not required - most benefits are realized through the light-dark advice.

Other things you can do to complement melatonin for shift work

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The most important factors for managing shift work better are when to see light and when to avoid light – the light-dark cycle. Timeshifter’s shift work app provides practical information on when to see or avoid light, which can be as simple as getting outside or turning on the light indoors when you need to see light, or putting on sunglasses and making lights as dim as possible when you need to avoid light. For melatonin, the timing of light and dark exposure is key and therefore Timeshifter provides personalized advice based on user preferences and work schedule. Other factors that can help include caffeine and napping. As always, the correct timing is important and Timeshifter provides plans on how and when to use caffeine, and when to nap. This advice not only helps your alertness directly but will also help you follow the light advice by staying awake or sleeping at the right times.

Is melatonin safe to use for shift work?

Warnings:

Melatonin is a relatively safe supplement when used in the short-term, and melatonin side effects are uncommon. Headache, sleepiness, vivid dreams, and nausea have been reported. Melatonin safety in the long-term has NOT been determined in randomized, controlled studies. You may NOT be able to use melatonin if you have certain medical conditions. Do NOT use melatonin without medical advice. There is NO data on how melatonin interacts with other drugs. Do NOT use melatonin with antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), or with sleeping pills. Do NOT use melatonin if you are pregnant, lactating, have epilepsy or migraines, taking warfarin, or if you have a personal or family history of psychiatric disorders. AVOID alcohol and tasks requiring a high level of alertness, such as driving or operating machinery, within 8 hours after taking melatonin. Do NOT give melatonin to children. Before using a specific melatonin product, make sure to ask your doctor about its safety, side effects, interactions, and warnings. If you experience side effects after taking melatonin, you must consult your doctor.

Yes, there’s an app for that!

Taking melatonin at the right time can help you manage changing work shifts better, in combination with the right light exposure at the right time. The Timeshifter app for shift workers will give you all the advice you need when managing shift work, including when to use melatonin to get the maximum benefits. Try it free for 2 weeks.

timeshifter.com - Melatonin for shift work - The correct type, dose & timing | Timeshifter®

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